New Ecology

New Ecology

Systems Perspective

Patten, Bernard D.; Tiezzi, Enzo; Ulanowicz, Robert E.; Fath, Brian D.; Nielsen, Soeren Nors; Marques, Joao C.; Bastianoni, Simone; Muller, Felix

Elsevier Science & Technology

08/2019

270

Mole

Inglês

9780444637574

15 a 20 dias

760

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1. Introduction2. Ecosystems have Openness (Thermodynamic)3. Ecosystems have Ontic Openness4. Ecosystems have Connectivity5. Ecosystems as self-organizing Hierarchies6. Ecosystems have Directionality7. Ecosystems have Complex Dynamics (Growth and Development)8. Ecosystems have Complex Dynamics (Disturbance and Decay)9. Ecosystem Principles have Broad Explanatory Power in Ecology10. Ecosystem Principles have Ecological Applications11. Ecosystems carry important messages to Managers and Policy Makers12. Conclusion13. References
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2nd law of thermodynamics; Adaptability; Adaptive cycle; Agency; Allometric principles; Anthropocene; Autocatalysis; Biochemistry; Biodiversity; Boundaries; Centripetality; Chance; Collapse; Connectivity; Constraints; Contingency; Dissipative structures; Disturbance; Dynamics; Eco-exergy; Ecological engineering; Ecological indicators; Ecological network analysis; Economics; Ecosystem development; Ecosystem health; Ecosystem principles; Ecosystem theory; Embeddedness; Entropy; Environmental management; Evolution; Extremal properties; Goal functions; Gradients; Hierarchies; Hierarchy; Holon; Indeterminacy; Indeterminism; Indirectness; Integration of ecosystem theories; Irreversibility; Island biogeography; Keystone species; Metaphors; Mutualism; Networks; Niche theory; Nonlocality; Ontic openness; Open system(s)Thermodynamic openness; Openness; Optimal foraging; Policy targets; Relations; Reorganization; Resilience; Succession; Sustainability; Sustainable development goals; Thermodynamics; Time and space scales; Transactions; Uncertainty;