Diagnostic Ultrasound: Abdomen and Pelvis

PART I: ANATOMY Abdomen 1 Liver 2 Biliary System 3 Spleen 4 Pancreas 5 Kidneys 6 Adrenals 7 Bowel 8 Abdominal Lymph Nodes 9 Peritoneal Spaces and Structures 10 Abdominal Wall Pelvis 11 Ureters and Bladder 12 Prostate 13 Testes 14 Uterus 15 Cervix 16 Vagina 17 Ovaries PART II: DIAGNOSES Liver Introduction and Overview 18 Approach to Hepatic Sonography Diffuse Parenchymal Disease 19 Acute Hepatitis 20 Hepatic Cirrhosis 21 Hepatic Steatosis 22 Hepatic Schistosomiasis 23 Venoocclusive Disease Cyst and Cyst-Like Lesions 24 Hepatic Cyst 25 Biliary Hamartoma 26 Caroli Disease 27 Biloma 28 Biliary Cystadenoma/Carcinoma 29 Pyogenic Hepatic Abscess 30 Amebic Hepatic Abscess 31 Hepatic Echinococcus Cyst 32 Hepatic Diffuse Microabscesses 33 Peribiliary Cyst 34 Hepatic Foregut Cyst Focal Solid Masses 35 Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma 36 Focal Nodular Hyperplasia 37 Hepatic Adenoma 38 Hepatocellular Carcinoma 39 Hepatic Metastases 40 Hepatic Lymphoma Vascular Conditions 41 Portal Hypertension 42 TIPS Shunts 43 Portal Vein Occlusion 44 Budd-Chiari Syndrome 45 Portal Vein Gas Liver Transplants 46 Hepatic Artery Stenosis/Occlusion 47 Portal Vein Stenosis/Occlusion 48 Venous Stenosis 49 Common Bile Duct Stricture Biliary System Introduction and Overview 50 Approach to Biliary Sonography Gallstones and Mimics 51 Cholelithiasis 52 Echogenic Bile 53 Gallbladder Cholesterol Polyp Gallbladder Wall Pathology 54 Acute Calculous Cholecystitis 55 Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis 56 Chronic Cholecystitis 57 Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis 58 Porcelain Gallbladder 59 Hyperplastic Cholecystosis 60 Gallbladder Carcinoma Ductal Pathology 61 Biliary Ductal Dilatation 62 Choledochal Cyst 63 Choledocholithiasis 64 Biliary Ductal Gas 65 Cholangiocarcinoma 66 Ascending Cholangitis 67 Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis 68 AIDS-Related Cholangiopathy Pancreas Introduction and Overview 69 Approach to Pancreatic Sonography Pancreatitis 70 Pancreatitis, Acute 71 Pancreatic Pseudocyst 72 Pancreatitis, Chronic Simple Cysts and Cystic Neoplasms 73 Mucinous Cystic Pancreatic Tumor 74 Serous Cystadenoma of Pancreas 75 IPMN Solid-Appearing Pancreatic Neoplasms 76 Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma 77 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors 78 Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm Spleen Introduction and Overview 79 Approach to Splenic Sonography Splenic Lesions 80 Splenomegaly 81 Splenic Cyst 82 Splenic Tumors 83 Splenic Infarct Urinary Tract Introduction and Overview 84 Approach to Urinary Tract Sonography Normal Variants and Pseudolesions 85 Column of Bertin, Kidney 86 Renal Junction Line 87 Renal Ectopia 88 Horseshoe Kidney 89 Ureteral Duplication 90 Ureteral Ectopia 91 Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Calculi and Calcinosis 92 Urolithiasis 93 Nephrocalcinosis 94 Hydronephrosis Cysts and Cystic Disorders 95 Simple Renal Cyst 96 Complex Renal Cyst 97 Cystic Disease of Dialysis 98 Lithium Microcysts 99 Multilocular Cystic Nephroma Urinary Tract Infection 100 Acute Pyelonephritis 101 Renal Abscess 102 Emphysematous Pyelonephritis 103 Pyonephrosis 104 Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis 105 Tuberculosis, Urinary Tract Solid Renal Neoplasms 106 Renal Cell Carcinoma 107 Renal Metastases 108 Renal Angiomyolipoma 109 Transitional Cell Carcinoma 110 Renal Lymphoma Vascular Conditions 111 Renal Artery Stenosis 112 Renal Vein Thrombosis 113 Renal Infarct 114 Perinephric Hematoma Prostate 115 Prostatic Hypertrophy 116 Prostatic Carcinoma Bladder 117 Bladder Carcinoma 118 Ureterocele 119 Bladder Diverticulum 120 Bladder Calculi 121 Schistosomiasis, Bladder Kidney Introduction and Overview 122 Approach to Sonographic Features of Renal Allografts Renal Transplant Complications 123 Allograft Hydronephrosis 124 Perigraft Fluid Collections 125 Allograft Rejection 126 Renal Transplant Vascular Disorders 127 AV Fistula/Pseudoaneurysm Adrenal Gland 127 Adrenal Hemorrhage 128 Myelolipoma 129 Adrenal Adenoma 130 Adrenal Cysts 131 Pheochromocytoma 132 Adrenal Carcinoma Abdominal Wall/Peritoneal Cavity 133 Abdominal Wall Hernia 134 Groin Hernia 135 Ascites 136 Peritoneal Carcinomatosis 137 Peritoneal Space Abscess Bowel 138 Appendicitis 139 Appendiceal Mucocele 140 Intussusception 141 Epiploic Appendagitis 142 Diverticulitis 143 Crohn Disease 144 Bowel Malignancy Scrotum Introduction and Overview 145 Approach to Scrotal Sonography Scrotal Lesions 146 Testicular Germ Cell Tumors 147 Gonadal Stromal Tumors, Testis 148 Testicular Lymphoma/Leukemia 149 Epidermoid Cyst 150 Tubular Ectasia of Rete Testes 151 Testicular Microlithiasis 152 Testicular Torsion/Infarction 153 Undescended Testis 154 Epididymitis/Orchitis 155 Scrotal Trauma 156 Hydrocele 157 Spermatocele/Epididymal Cyst 158 Adenomatoid Tumor 159 Varicocele Female Pelvis Introduction and Overview 160 Approach to Pelvic Anatomy and Imaging Issues Cervical and Myometrial Pathology 161 Nabothian Cyst 162 Cervical Carcinoma 163 Adenomyosis, General Uterine 164 Leiomyoma, General Uterine 165 Uterine Anomalies Endometrial Disorders 166 Hematometrocolpos 167 Endometrial Polyp 168 Endometrial Hyperplasia/Carcinoma 169 Endometritis Pregnancy-Related Disorders 170 Ectopic Pregnancy 171 Unusual Ectopic Pregnancies 172 Failed First Trimester Pregnancy 173 Retained Products of Conception 174 Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm Ovarian Cysts and Cystic Neoplasms 175 Functional Ovarian Cyst 176 Hemorrhagic Cyst 177 Ovarian Hyperstimulation 178 Serous Ovarian Cystadenoma/Carcinoma 179 Mucinous Ovarian Cystadenoma/Carcinoma 180 Ovarian Teratoma 181 Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome 182 Endometriomas Non-Ovarian Cystic Masses 183 Hydrosalpinx 184 Tuboovarian Abscess 185 Parovarian Cysts 186 Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst Vaginal and Vulvar Cysts 187 Bartholin Cyst 188 Gartner Duct Cyst Miscellaneous Ovarian Masses 189 Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor 190 Ovarian Fibrothecoma 191 Adnexal/Ovarian Torsion 192 Ovarian Metastases Including Krukenberg Tumor PART III: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES Liver 193 Hepatomegaly 194 Diffuse Liver Disease 195 Cystic Liver Lesion 196 Hypoechoic Liver Mass 197 Echogenic Liver Mass 198 Target Lesions in Liver 199 Multiple Hepatic Masses 200 Hepatic Mass with Central Scar 201 Periportal Lesion 202 Irregular Hepatic Surface 203 Portal Vein Abnormality Biliary System Gallbladder 204 Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening 205 Hyperechoic Gallbladder Wall 206 Focal Gallbladder Wall Thickening/Mass 207 Echogenic Material in Gallbladder 208 Dilated Gallbladder Bile Ducts 209 Intrahepatic & Extrahepatic Duct Dilatation 210 Biliary Duct Wall Thickening +/- Periportal Change Pancreas 211 Focal Pancreatic Lesion 212 Pancreatic Duct Dilatation 213 Diffuse/Focal Pancreatic Enlargement 214 Pancreatic Calcification Spleen 215 Splenomegaly 216 Focal Splenic Lesion Urinary Tract 217 Intraluminal Bladder Mass 218 Abnormal Bladder Wall Kidney 219 Enlarged Kidney 220 Small Kidney 221 Hypoechoic Kidney 222 Hyperechoic Kidney 223 Focal Renal Mass 224 Renal Pseudotumor 225 Dilated Renal Pelvis Adrenal Gland 226 Focal Adrenal Mass Abdominal Wall/Peritoneal Cavity 227 Diffuse Peritoneal Fluid 228 Focal Peritoneal Mass Prostate 229 Enlarged Prostate 230 Focal Lesion in Prostate Scrotum 231 Diffuse Testicular Enlargement 232 Decreased Testicular Size 233 Testicular Calcifications 234 Focal Testicular Mass 235 Focal Extratesticular Mass 236 Extratesticular Cystic Mass Female Pelvis 237 Cystic Adnexal Mass 238 Solid Adnexal Mass 239 Extra-Ovarian Adnexal Mass 240 Enlarged Ovary 241 Enlarged Uterus 242 Abnormal Endometrium

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