Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2019

SECTION I Diseases and Disorders Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, 3 Abruptio Placentae, 7 Absence Seizures, 9 Acetaminophen Poisoning, 10 Achalasia, 11 Acne Vulgaris, 14 Acoustic Neuroma, 18 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, 19 Acute Bronchitis, 27 Acute Coronary Syndrome, 29 Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN), 35 Acute Kidney Injury, 39 Acute Liver Failure, 44 Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding, 48 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), 50 Acute Mesenteric Ischemia, 53 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML), 56 Acute Pelvic Pain in Women, 60 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), 62 Acute Tubular Necrosis, 66 Acute Urinary Retention (AUR), 68 Adrenal Insufficiency, 70 Alcohol Abuse, 72 Alcoholic Hepatitis, 76 Aldosteronism (Hyperaldosteronism, Primary), 78 Allergic Rhinitis, 80 Alopecia, 81 Alzheimer's Disease, 84 Amaurosis Fugax, 87 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, 88 Anaerobic Infections, 90 Anaphylaxis, 91 Anemia, Autoimmune Hemolytic, 92 Anemia, Inflammatory, 95 Anemia, Iron Deficiency, 97 Anemia, Pernicious, 99 Angina Pectoris, 101 Angioedema, 107 Ankylosing Spondylitis, 109 Anorexia Nervosa, 111 Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Encephalitis, 113 Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, 114 Anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder), 117 Aortic Dissection, 118 Aortic Regurgitation, 122 Aortic Stenosis, 126 Appendicitis, 130 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia, 133 Asbestosis, 136 Ascariasis, 137 Ascites, 138 Aspergillosis, 142 Aspiration Pneumonia, 145 Asthma, 147 Astrocytoma, 158 Atelectasis, 160 Atopic Dermatitis, 161 Atrial Fibrillation, 164 Atrial Flutter, 169 Atrial Myxoma, 173 Atrial Septal Defect, 175 Atrioventricular Dissociation, 178 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 181 Autism Spectrum Disorder, 183 Autoimmune Hepatitis, 185 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD), 188 AV Malformations, Cerebral, 191 Avascular Necrosis, 193 Babesiosis, 196 Barrett Esophagus, 199 Basal Cell Carcinoma, 202 Bedbug Bite, 205 Bell Palsy, 207 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, 209 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), 212 Binge Eating Disorder (BED), 214 Bipolar Disorder, 216 Bite Wounds, 218 Bites and Stings, Arachnids, 220 Bites and Stings, Insect, 221 Bites, Snake, 223 Bladder Cancer, 227 Bladder Pain Syndrome, 230 Bone Tumor, Primary Malignant, 232 Brain Abscess, 234 Brain Metastases, 236 Brain Neoplasm, Benign and Low Grade, 238 Brain Neoplasm, Glioblastoma, 240 Breast Abscess, 241 Breast Cancer, 242 Bronchiectasis, 247 Brugada Syndrome, 249 Budd-Chiari Syndrome, 252 Bulimia Nervosa, 255 Burns, 257 Cancer of Unknown Primary, 261 Candidiasis, Cutaneous, 263 Candidiasis, Invasive, 265 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 267 Cardiac Tamponade, 269 Cardiomyopathy, Chemical-Induced, 271 Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, 275 Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, 277 Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive, 282 Carotid Sinus Syndrome, 285 Carotid Stenosis, 287 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, 289 Cat-Scratch Disease, 290 Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis, 291 Celiac Disease, 293 Cellulitis, 296 Cervical Artery Dissection, 298 Cervical Cancer, 300 Cervical Dysplasia, 304 Cervicitis, 307 Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting, 308 Child Abuse and Neglect, 309 Chlamydia Genital Infections, 312 Cholangitis, 315 Cholecystitis, 316 Choledocholithiasis, 317 Cholelithiasis, 319 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, 321 Chronic Kidney Disease, 322 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), 326 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), 329 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 331 Cirrhosis, 337 Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy (CCM), 340 Claudication, 342 Clostridium difficile Infection, 347 Cluster Headache, 349 Cocaine Overdose, 351 Colorectal Cancer, 354 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, 357 Concussion, 359 Condyloma Acuminatum, 361 Conjunctivitis, 363 Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Vasculitis, 366 Constipation, 367 Contact Dermatitis, 371 Contraception, 372 Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurologic Symptom Disorder), 375 Cor Pulmonale, 377 Coronary Artery Disease, 380 Crohn's Disease, 389 Cryoglobulinemia, 391 Cryptococcosis, 393 Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia, 394 Cryptosporidium Infection, 396 Cushing's Disease and Syndrome, 397 Cyanosis, 400 Cystic Fibrosis, 403 Cysticercosis, 406 De Quervain's Tenosynovitis, 408 Deep Vein Thrombosis, 409 Delirium, 413 Delirium Tremens, 416 Dementia With Lewy bodies, 417 Depression, Major, 419 Dermatitis Herpetiformis, 422 Diabetes Mellitus, 424 Diabetic Foot, 434 Diabetic Ketoacidosis, 436 Diabetic Polyneuropathy, 438 Diabetic Retinopathy, 441 Diarrhea, Persistent, 443 Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH), 446 Diplopia, 448 Discoid Lupus, 451 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, 454 Diverticular Disease (Diverticulosis, Diverticulitis, Diverticular Hemorrhage), 457 Drug Abuse, 460 Drug-Induced Liver Injury, 463 Drug-Induced Parenchymal Lung Disease (DILD), 467 Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, 469 Dysmenorrhea, 471 Dyspepsia, Nonulcerative, 472 Dysphagia, 474 Early Repolarization Syndrome, 476 Echinococcosis, 479 Eclampsia, 481 Ectopic Pregnancy, 483 Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis, 485 Ejaculation and Orgasm Disorders, 488 Elder Abuse, 492 Empyema, 494 Encephalitis, Acute Viral, 495 Encephalopathy, 497 Endocarditis, Infective, 499 Endometrial Cancer, 505 Endometriosis, 507 Enteropathic Arthritis, 509 Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE), 511 Epididymitis, 513 Epidural Abscess, 514 Epidural Hematoma, 515 Epiglottitis, 517 Epstein-Barr Virus Infection, 518 Erectile Dysfunction, 520 Erysipelas, 523 Erythema Multiforme, 524 Erythema Nodosum, 525 Esophageal Tumors, 526 Esophageal Varices, 530 Essential Tremor, 533 Factitious Disorder (Including Munchausen Syndrome), 534 Falls in the Elderly, 536 Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Gardner's Syndrome, 538 Fatty Liver of Pregnancy, Acute, 540 Febrile Seizures, 541 Fever in the Returning Traveler, 543 Fever of Undetermined Origin, 546 Fibrocystic Breast Disease, 548 Fibromyalgia, 549 Folliculitis, 551 Food Allergies, 552 Food Poisoning, Bacterial, 556 Frostbite, 560 Functional Gallbladder Disorder, 562 Galactorrhea, 563 Gastric Cancer, 564 Gastritis, 566 Gastroenteritis, 567 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), 569 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), 572 Giant Cell Arteritis, 575 Giardiasis, 577 Gilbert's Syndrome, 578 Glaucoma, Open-Angle, 579 Glaucoma, Primary Angle-Closure, 581 Gonorrhea, 582 Goodpasture Disease, 585 Gout, 586 Granuloma Annulare, 588 Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis, 589 Graves' Disease, 592 Guillain-Barre Syndrome, 594 Hallucinogenic Overdose, 596 Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease, 598 Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, 599 Heart Block, Complete, 601 Heart Block, Second-Degree, 605 Heart Failure, 609 Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke, 626 Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (Menorrhagia), 628 Helicobacter pylori Infection, 629 Hemochromatosis, 631 Hemophilia, 633 Hemoptysis, 635 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, 637 Hepatic Encephalopathy, 639 Hepatitis A, 642 Hepatitis B, 644 Hepatitis C, 648 Hepatocellular Carcinoma, 652 Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome, 655 Herpes Simplex, 659 Herpes Simplex Keratitis, 661 Herpes Zoster, 662 Hidradenitis Suppurativa, 664 High-Altitude Sickness, 666 Hip Fracture, 668 Hirsutism, 670 HIV-Associated Cardiomyopathy, 673 HIV-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction, 674 Hodgkin Lymphoma, 676 Hookworm, 680 Horner's Syndrome, 681 Hot Flashes, 683 Human Immunodeficiency Virus, 684 Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure, 696 Hydronephrosis, 698 Hypercholesterolemia, 701 Hypercoagulable State, 706 Hyperemesis Gravidarum, 709 Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome, 710 Hyperkalemia, 712 Hyperlipoproteinemia, Primary, 717 Hypernatremia, 720 Hyperparathyroidism, 723 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, 726 Hypersplenism, 728 Hypertension, 729 Hyperthyroidism, 736 Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy, 738 Hyperuricemia, 740 Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), 742 Hypoaldosteronism, 744 Hypoglycemia, 745 Hypogonadism, Male, 747 Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis, 750 Hyponatremia, 751 Hypoparathyroidism, 754 Hypopituitarism, 756 Hypothermia, 759 Hypothyroidism, 761 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, 763 IgA Nephropathy, 766 IgA Vasculitis, 769 Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura, 771 Impetigo, 773 Incontinence, Bowel, Elderly Patient, 775 Incontinence, Urinary, 778 Infertility, 782 Inflammatory Myopathies, 784 Influenza, 787 Insomnia, 790 Interstitial Lung Disease, 793 Interstitial Nephritis, 796 Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 798 Ischemic Hepatitis, 802 Jaundice in the Adult Patient, 803 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, 806 Kaposi Sarcoma, 809 Labyrinthitis, 810 Lactic Acidosis, 811 Lactose Intolerance, 812 Laryngitis, 813 Lead Poisoning, 814 Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease, 816 Lemierre Syndrome, 817 Lichen Planus, 818 Lichen Sclerosus, 820 Lichen Simplex Chronicus, 821 Listeriosis, 822 Liver Abscess, 823 Long QT Syndrome, 825 Lung Abscess, 828 Lung Neoplasms, Primary, 830 Lyme Disease, 835 Lymphangitis, 837 Lymphedema, 838 Lynch Syndrome, 840 Macular Degeneration, 842 Malabsorption, 844 Malaria, 847 Malignant Hyperthermia, 852 Mallory-Weiss Tear, 855 Mastitis, 856 Mastodynia, 858 Mastoiditis, 859 Mediastinitis, 860 Meigs' Syndrome, 862 Melanoma, 863 Meniere's Disease, 866 Meningioma, 867 Meningitis, Bacterial, 869 Meningitis, Viral, 872 Meniscal Tear, 873 Menopause, 875 Mesenteric Adenitis, 877 Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis, 878 Mesothelioma, Malignant, 880 Methanol and Ethylene Glycol Poisoning, 882 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 884 Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia, 885 Microsporidiosis, 887 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), 888 Migraine Headache, 889 Mild Cognitive Impairment, 892 Mitral Regurgitation, 893 Mitral Stenosis, 897 Mitral Valve Prolapse, 900 Molar Pregnancy, 902 Molluscum Contagiosum, 905 Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS), 906 Mononucleosis, 908 Mucormycosis, 910 Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Rods (MDR-GNRs), 911 Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia, 912 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, 913 Multiple Myeloma, 915 Multiple Sclerosis, 918 Mushroom Poisoning, 921 Myasthenia Gravis, 922 Myelodysplastic Syndromes, 924 Myocardial Infarction, 926 Myocarditis, 934 Myoclonus, 937 Myofascial Pain Syndrome, 938 Myotonia, 940 Narcolepsy, 941 Necrotizing Fasciitis, 944 Nephrotic Syndrome, 946 Neurocognitive Disorders, 949 Neurofibromatosis, 951 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, 953 Neuropathic Pain, 954 Neuropathy, Hereditary, 957 New Onset Seizures, 959 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, 961 Nonallergic Rhinitis, 963 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, 965 Obesity, 969 Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome, 973 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 975 Opioid Overdose, 976 Opioid Use Disorder, 977 Optic Neuritis, 980 Oral Cancer, 981 Oral Hairy, Leukoplakia, 983 Orchitis, 984 Orthostatic Hypotension, 985 Osteoarthritis, 987 Osteomyelitis, 989 Osteoporosis, 991 Otitis Externa, 994 Otitis Media, 996 Ovarian Cancer, 998 Ovarian Neoplasm, Benign, 1000 Paget's Disease of Bone, 1001 Paget's Disease of the Breast, 1002 Pain Management in Chronic Pain, 1003 Pancreatic Cancer (Exocrine), 1006 Pancreatitis, Acute, 1010 Pancreatitis, Chronic, 1015 Panic Disorder, With or Without Agoraphobia, 1020 Panniculitis, 1022 Paraneoplastic Syndromes, 1024 Parkinson's Disease, 1028 Partial Seizures, 1031 Pediculosis, 1033 Pelvic Abscess, 1035 Pelvic Congestion Syndrome, 1036 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, 1038 Pelvic Organ Prolapse, 1040 Peptic Ulcer Disease, 1043 Pericarditis, 1045 Periodic Limb Movement Disorder, 1050 Peripheral Artery Disease, 1052 Perirectal Abscess, 1057 Peritonitis, Secondary, 1058 Peritonsillar Abscess, 1059 Pertussis, 1061 Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Other Polyposis Syndromes, 1063 Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis, 1065 Pheochromocytoma, 1067 Pilonidal Disease, 1069 Pinworms, 1070 Pituitary Adenoma, 1071 Placenta Previa, 1074 Pleural Effusion, 1076 Pleurisy, 1079 Pneumonia, Bacterial, 1080 Pneumonia, Mycoplasma, 1087 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii), 1089 Pneumonia, Viral, 1091 Pneumothorax, Spontaneous, 1094 Polyarteritis Nodosa, 1098 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, 1100 Polycythemia Vera, 1104 Polymyalgia Rheumatica, 1106 Porphyrias, 1107 Portal Hypertension, 1109 Portal Vein Thrombosis, 1112 Postconcussive Syndrome, 1113 Postherpetic Neuralgia, 1115 Postpartum Depression, 1117 Postpartum Hemorrhage, 1118 Postthrombotic Syndrome, 1120 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 1121 Preeclampsia, 1123 Premature Rupture of Membranes, 1126 Premenstrual Syndrome, 1128 Pressure Injury, 1130 Preterm Labor, 1133 Primary Biliary Cholangitis, 1135 Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, 1138 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, 1139 Prolactinoma, 1142 Prostate Cancer, 1144 Prostatitis, 1148 Pseudogout, 1150 Psoriasis, 1152 Psoriatic Arthritis, 1154 Psychosis, 1156 Pulmonary Edema, 1158 Pulmonary Embolism, 1161 Pulmonary Hypertension, 1167 Pulseless Electrical Activity, 1173 Pyelonephritis, 1174 Ramsay Hunt Syndrome, 1178 Raynaud's Phenomenon, 1179 Reiter's Syndrome (Reactive Arthritis), 1183 Renal Abscess, 1184 Renal Artery Stenosis, 1185 Renal Cell Carcinoma, 1189 Renal Tubular Acidosis, 1191 Renal Vein Thrombosis, 1193 Restless Legs Syndrome, 1194 Retropharyngeal Abscess, 1196 Rh Incompatibility, 1198 Rhabdomyolysis, 1201 Rheumatoid Arthritis, 1204 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, 1208 Rosacea, 1210 Roseola, 1212 Salivary Gland Neoplasms, 1213 Salmonellosis, 1214 Sarcoidosis, 1216 Sarcoma, 1219 Scabies, 1222 Schizophrenia, 1225 Sciatica, 1227 Scleritis, 1230 Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis), 1231 Scoliosis, 1235 Seborrheic Dermatitis (SD), 1237 Seizures, Generalized Tonic Clonic, 1238 Sepsis, 1240 Septic Arthritis, 1243 Serotonin Syndrome, 1245 Sexual Assault, 1247 Sexual Dysfunction in Women, 1250 Shaken Baby Syndrome, 1253 Shigellosis, 1254 Short Bowel Syndrome, 1255 Short QT Syndrome, 1258 Sialadenitis, 1260 Sialolithiasis, 1261 Sick Sinus Syndrome, 1262 Sickle Cell Disease, 1263 Silicosis, 1267 Sinusitis, 1268 Sjoegren's Syndrome, 1270 Sleep Apnea, 1273 Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO), 1278 Small Bowel Obstruction, 1280 Somatic Cough Syndrome and Tic Cough, 1282 Somatic Symptom Disorder, 1284 Spinal Cord Compression, 1285 Spinal Epidural Abscess, 1288 Spinal Stenosis, Cervical Spine, 1290 Spinal Stenosis, Lumbar, 1292 Spontaneous Abortion, 1294 Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis, 1296 Squamous Cell Carcinoma, 1297 Statin-Induced Muscle Syndrome, 1299 Status Epilepticus, 1301 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, 1304 Stomatitis/Mucositis, 1306 Stroke, Acute Ischemic, 1307 Stroke, Hemorrhagic, 1311 Stroke, Secondary Prevention, 1314 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, 1316 Subclavian Steal Syndrome, 1319 Subdural Hematoma, 1320 Substance Use Disorder, 1321 Superior Vena Cava Syndrome, 1323 Supraventricular Tachycardia, 1325 Syncope, 1328 Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis, 1331 Synthetic Cannabinoids, 1334 Syphilis, 1335 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 1338 Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, 1342 Tapeworm Infestation, 1344 Tardive Dyskinesia, 1346 Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome, 1347 Tension-Type Headache, 1348 Testicular Cancer, 1349 Testicular Torsion, 1352 Thalassemias, 1354 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, 1357 Thrombocytosis, 1359 Thrombophlebitis, Superficial Venous, 1361 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, 1362 Thyroid Carcinoma, 1364 Thyroid Nodule, 1366 Thyroiditis, 1368 Tinea Capitis, 1369 Tinea Corporis, 1372 Tinea Cruris, 1373 Tinea Pedis, 1374 Tinea Unguium, 1375 Tinea Versicolor, 1377 Tinnitus, 1378 Torsade de Pointes, 1379 Tourette's Syndrome, 1382 Toxic Megacolon, 1384 Toxic Shock Syndrome, 1386 Toxoplasmosis, 1388 Transfusion Reaction, Hemolytic, 1392 Transient Global Amnesia, 1394 Transient Ischemic Attack, 1395 Transverse Myelitis, 1397 Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), 1399 Traveler's Diarrhea, 1403 Trigeminal Neuralgia, 1405 Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (Trochanteric Bursitis), 1406 Tuberculosis, Miliary, 1408 Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, 1410 Tumor Lysis Syndrome, 1413 Ulcerative Colitis, 1416 Urethritis, Gonococcal, 1421 Urethritis, Nongonococcal, 1422 Urinary Tract Infection, 1423 Urolithiasis (Nephrolithiasis), 1426 Urticaria, 1432 Uterine Fibroids, 1434 Uterine Malignancy, 1437 Uveitis, 1438 Vaginal Bleeding During Pregnancy, 1439 Vaginal Malignancy, 1440 Vaginismus, 1441 Vaginitis, Prepubescent, 1442 Vaginitis, Trichomonas, 1443 Vaginosis, Bacterial, 1444 Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE), 1445 Vasculitis, Systemic, 1446 Venous Insufficiency, Chronic, 1449 Venous Ulcers, 1451 Ventricular Fibrillation, 1453 Ventricular Septal Defect, 1455 Ventricular Tachycardia, 1458 Vertebral Compression Fractures, 1464 Vestibular Neuronitis, 1466 Vitamin D Deficiency, 1467 Vitamin Deficiency (Hypovitaminosis), 1469 Vitiligo, 1471 Von Willebrand's Disease, 1473 Waldenstroem Macroglobulinemia, 1475 Warts, 1477 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, 1480 Additional Topics Available at www.expertconsult.com Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Achilles Tendon Rupture Acromegaly Actinic Keratosis Actinomycosis Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (Ogilvie's Syndrome) Acute Stress Disorder Adult-Onset Still's Disease Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Amblyopia Amebiasis Amenorrhea Amyloidosis Anal Fissure Anemia, Aplastic Anemia, Sideroblastic Angular Cheilitis Ankle Fracture Ankle Sprain Anorectal Fistula Anoxic Brain Injury Anthrax Aortic Coarctation Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome Ataxia Ataxia Telangiectasia Baker's Cyst Balanitis Bartholin's Gland Cyst and Abscess Bartter Syndrome Basic Calcium Phosphate Crystal Deposition Disease Behcet's Disease Biceps Tendonitis Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Blastomycosis Blepharitis Body Dysmorphic Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Botulism Breech Birth Brucellosis Bruxism Bullous Pemphigoid Burning Mouth Syndrome Bursitis Calcium-Alkali Syndrome Carcinoid Syndrome Cardiorenal Syndrome Cataracts Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Vasculitis Cervical Disc Syndromes Cervical Insufficiency Cervical Polyps Chagas' Disease Chancroid Charcot Joint Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Cholangiocarcinoma Cholera Chorea Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Coccidioidomycosis Cogan's Syndrome Colorado Tick Fever Compartment Syndrome Conduct Disorder Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CI-AKI) Corneal Abrasion Corneal Ulceration Costochondritis Craniopharyngioma Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) Cryptorchidism Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Cutaneous Larva Migrans Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Cytomegalovirus Infection Delayed Puberty Delusional Parasitosis Dengue Fever Dependent Personality Disorder Diabetes Insipidus Digoxin Overdose Diphtheria Dissociative Disorders Down Syndrome Drowning Dumping Syndrome Dupuytren's Contracture Dyspareunia Dystonia Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Electrical and Lightning Injury Emergency Contraception Encopresis Endometritis Enuresis Eosinophilic Fasciitis Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Eosinophilic Pneumonias Epicondylitis Epiploic Appendagitis Episcleritis Epistaxis Erythema Elevatum Diutinum Failure to Thrive (Pediatric) Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) Felty's Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Fifth Disease (Parvovirus B19 Infection) Filariasis Friedreich's Ataxia Frozen Shoulder Ganglia Gastrinoma Gender Dysphoria Disorder and Gender Nonconformity Gingivitis Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative (NUG) Glenohumeral Dislocation Glossitis Granuloma Inguinale Granulomatous Arthritis Grief, Complicated or Prolonged Gynecomastia Hairy Cell Leukemia Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Health Care-Associated Infections (HAIs) HELLP Syndrome Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Hemorrhoids Hepatitis D Hepatitis E Hepatopulmonary Syndrome Hepatorenal Syndrome Herpangina Hiatal Hernia Histocytosis X (Langerhans Cell Histocytosis) Histoplasmosis Histrionic Personality Disorder Hoarding Disorder Huntington's Disease Hydrocele Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Hypochondriasis (Illness Anxiety Disorder) Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis Hypospadias ID Reaction Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Inclusion Body Myositis Infantile Hypotonia Influenza, Avian Insulinoma Intermittent Explosive Disorder Intraventricular Conduction Delay (IVCD) Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Kawasaki Disease Keloid Klinefelter's Syndrome Korsakoff's Psychosis Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Laryngeal Carcinoma Leishmaniasis Leprosy Leptospirosis Liver Transplantation Lumbar Disk Syndrome Lymphogranuloma Venereum Marfan's Syndrome Mastocytosis Measles (Rubeola) Meckel Diverticulum Meningitis, Fungal Meningomyelocele Meralgia Paresthetica Metabolic Syndrome Metatarsalgia Microscopic Polyangiitis Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Morton Neuroma Motion Sickness Multiple System Atrophy Mumps Muscular Dystrophy Mycosis Fungoides Myxedema Coma Narcissistic Personality Disorder Nasal Polyps Necrotizing Autoimmune Myopathy (NAM) Nephroblastoma Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis Neuroblastoma Nocardiosis Ocular Foreign Body Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) Optic Atrophy Osgood-Schlatter Disease Osler-Rendu-Weber Syndrome Osteochondritis Dissecans Otosclerosis (Otospongiosis) Over-the-Counter Medication Use in Pregnancy Paranoid Personality Disorder Paraphilic Disorders Paronychia Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Patent Ductus Arteriosus Patent Foramen Ovale Pediatric Medication Errors Pedophilic Disorder Torticollis Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Tracheitis Trichinosis Tricuspid Regurgitation Tricuspid Stenosis Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose Trigger Finger Tropical Sprue Tuberous Sclerosis Tularemia Turner Syndrome Typhoid Fever Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis Urticaria, Chronic Vaginal Fistulas Vaginitis, Estrogen-Deficient Vaginitis, Fungal Varicella Varicocele Varicose Veins Viral Bronchiolitis Von Hippel-Lindau Disease Vulvar Cancer Wernicke Syndrome West Nile Virus Infection Whiplash Whipple's Disease Wilson's Disease Yellow Fever Pemphigus Vulgaris Peyronie's Disease Phobias Piriformis Syndrome Pityriasis Rosea Plantar Fasciitis Poison Ivy Dermatitis Poliomyelitis Polypharmacy Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) Precocious Puberty Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Preoperative Evaluation Priapism Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System Primary Immunodeficiency Disease Primary Myelofibrosis Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Pronator Syndrome Pruritus Ani Pruritus Vulvae Psittacosis Pure Red Cell Aplasia Pyoderma Gangrenosum Pyogenic Granuloma Q Fever Quadrilateral Space Syndrome Rabies Radiation Exposure Rectal Prolapse Respiratory Syncytial Virus Retinal Detachment Retinal Hemorrhage Retinitis Pigmentosa Retinoblastoma Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Reye's Syndrome Rheumatic Fever Rickets Rotator Cuff Disease Rubella Scarlet Fever Schistosomiasis Seasonal Affective Disorder Sheehan's Syndrome Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) Smallpox Social Anxiety Disorder Spasticity Spina Bifida Spinocerebellar Ataxia Sporotrichosis Strabismus Sturge-Weber Syndrome Stuttering Stye (Hordeolum) Suicide Syringomyelia Tabes Dorsalis Takayasu's Arteritis Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Tetanus Tetralogy of Fallot Thromboangiitis Obliterans Thyrotoxic Storm Zenker's (Pharyngoesophageal) Diverticulum Zika Virus? SECTION II Differential Diagnosis Abdominal Distention, 1485 Abdominal Pain, Adolescence, 1485 Abdominal Pain, Childhood, 1485 Abdominal Pain, Chronic Lower, 1485 Abdominal Pain, Diffuse, 1485 Abdominal Pain, Epigastric, 1485 Abdominal Pain, Extraabdominal and Systemic Causes, 1485 Abdominal Pain, Infancy, 1486 Abdominal Pain, Left Lower Quadrant, 1486 Abdominal Pain, Left Upper Quadrant, 1486 Abdominal Pain, Nonsurgical Causes, 1486 Abdominal Pain, Periumbilical, 1486 Abdominal Pain, Poorly Localized, 1486 Abdominal Pain, Post-cholecystectomy, 1487 Abdominal Pain, Pregnancy, 1487 Abdominal Pain, Right Lower Quadrant, 1487 Abdominal Pain, Right Upper Quadrant, 1487 Abdominal Pain, Right Upper Quadrant, Differential Diagnosis in Pregnancy, 1487 Abdominal Pain, Suprapubic, 1487 Abdominal Wall Masses, 1487 Abortion, Recurrent, 1488 Aches and Pains, Diffuse, 1488 Acidosis, Hyperchloric Metabolic, 1488 Acidosis, Lactic, 1488 Acidosis, Metabolic, 1488 Acidosis, Respiratory, 1488 Acute Kidney Injury and Liver Disease, Causes, 1489 Acute Kidney Injury Due to Intrinsic Renal Diseases, 1489 Acute Kidney Injury, HIV Patient, Causes, 1489 Acute Kidney Injury in Specific Clinical Settings, 1489 Acute Kidney Injury, Pigment Induced, 1490 Acute Lung Injury, Disease and Disorders Associations, 1490 Acute Scrotum, 1490 Adnexal Mass, 1490 Adrenal Calcifications, 1491 Adrenal Cystic Lesions, 1491 Adrenal Masses, 1491 Adrenal Pseudomasses, 1491 Adrenocortical Hyperfunction, 1491 Adrenocortical Hypofunction, 1491 Adverse Food Reactions, Differential Diagnosis, 1492 Adynamic Ileus, 1492 Aerophagia (Belching, Eructation), 1492 Air-Space Opacification on X-Ray, 1492 Airway Obstruction, Pediatric Age, 1492 Akinetic/Rigid Syndrome, 1493 Alcohol-Related Seizures, 1493 Alkalosis, Metabolic, 1493 Alkalosis, Respiratory, 1493 Alopecia, 1493 Alopecia and Hypotrichosis, in Children and Adolescents, 1494 Alopecia, Drug-Induced, 1494 Alveolar Consolidation, 1494 Alveolar Hemorrhage, 1494 Amenorrhea, 1495 Amnesia, 1495 Amniotic Fluid ?-Fetoprotein Elevation, 1495 Anal Abscess and Fistula, 1495 Anal Incontinence, 1495 Anaphylaxis, 1495 Anaphylaxis Mimics, 1496 Anaphylaxis, Pathophysiologic Classification, 1496 Anaphylactoid Syndrome of Pregnancy, 1496 Androgen Excess, Reproductive-Age Woman, 1496 Androgen Resistance, 1496 Anemia, Aplastic, 1496 Anemia, Aplastic, Due to Drugs and Chemicals, 1496 Anemia, Causes in Pregnancy, 1497 Anemia, Drug-Induced, 1497 Anemia, Hypochromic, 1497 Anemia, Low Reticulocyte Count, 1498 Anemia, Megaloblastic, 1498 Anemia, Microcytic, Hypochromic, Differential Diagnosis, 1499 Anergy, Cutaneous, 1499 Aneurysms, Thoracic Aorta, 1499 Anhidrosis, 1499 Anion Gap Acidosis, 1499 Anion Gap Increase, 1499 Anisocoria, 1499 Anorectal Disease, AIDS Patient, 1500 Anorexia, 1500 Anovulation, 1500 Appendicitis, Differential Diagnosis in Pregnancy, 1500 Appetite Loss in Infants and Children, 1500 Arterial Occlusion, 1501 Arthritis and Abdominal Pain, 1501 Arthritis and Diarrhea, 1501 Arthritis and Eye Lesions, 1501 Arthritis and Heart Murmur, 1501 Arthritis and Muscle Weakness, 1501 Arthritis and Rash, 1501 Arthritis and Subcutaneous Nodules, 1501 Arthritis and Weight Loss, 1501 Arthritis or Extremity Pain, in Children and Adolescents, 1501 Arthritis, Axial Skeleton, 1502 Arthritis, Chronic, Monoarticular or Oligoarticular, Infectious Causes, 1502 Arthritis, Fever, and Rash, 1502 Arthritis, Monoarticular and Oligoarticular, 1502 Arthritis, Pediatric Age, 1503 Arthritis, Polyarticular, 1503 Ascites, 1503 Aspiration Lung Injury, Children, 1503 Asthenia, 1504 Asthma, Childhood, 1504 Ataxia, 1504 Ataxia, Acute or Recurrent, 1504 Ataxia, Cerebellar, Adult Onset, 1504 Ataxia, Cerebellar, Children, 1505 Ataxia, Chronic or Progressive, 1505 Atelectasis, 1505 Atrial Enlargement, Left Atrium, 1505 Atrial Enlargement, Right Atrium, 1505 Atypical Lymphocytosis, Heterophil Negative, Infectious Causes, 1505 AV Nodal Block, 1505 Back Pain, 1505 Back Pain, Children and Adolescents, 1506 Back Pain, Low, Acute, 1506 Back Pain, Viscerogenic Origin, 1506 Bacterial Overgrowth, Small Intestine, 1506 Ballism, 1506 Bile Duct, Dilated, 1506 Biliary Obstruction, 1507 Biliary Tree, Reflux of Gas or Bowel, 1507 Bladder (Urinary) Wall Thickening, 1507 Bleeding, GI In Patients With AIDS, 1507 Bleeding, Lower GI, 1507 Bleeding, Lower GI, Pediatric, 1507 Bleeding, Rectal, 1508 Bleeding, Third Trimester, 1508 Bleeding, Upper GI, 1508 Bleeding, Upper GI, Pediatric, 1508 Bleeding, Vaginal, Non-Pregnant Female, 1508 Blindness, Geriatric Age, 1508 Blindness, Monocular, Transient, 1509 Blindness, Pediatric Age, 1509 Blisters, Subepidermal, 1509 Bone and/or Soft Tissue Hypertrophy, 1509 Bone Density, Decreased, Generalized, 1510 Bone Density, Decreased, Localized, 1510 Bone Lesions, Preferential Site of Origin, 1510 Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, Inherited, 1510 Bone Marrow Fibrosis, 1510 Bone Mass, Low, 1511 Bone Mineral Density, Increased, 1511 Bone Pain, 1511 Bone Resorption, 1511 Bowel Wall Thickening, 1511 Bow Legs (Genu Varum), Classification, 1511 Bradycardia, Sinus, 1512 Brain Mass, 1512 Breast Inflammatory Lesion, 1512 Breast Mass, 1512 Breath Odor, 1512 Breathing, Noisy, 1512 Bronchial Obstruction, 1512 Bronchopleural Fistula, 1512 Brown Urine, 1513 Bruising, 1513 Bullous Diseases, 1513 Cafe-Au-Lait Spots, 1513 Calcification On Chest X-Ray, 1513 Calcifications, Abdominal, Nonvisceral on X-ray, 1513 Calcifications, Adrenal Gland on X-Ray, 1513 Calcifications, Cardiac On X-Ray, 1513 Calcifications, Cutaneous, 1514 Calcifications, Genital Tract, Female On X-ray, 1514 Calcifications, Liver On X-ray, 1514 Calcifications, Pancreas on X-Ray, 1514 Calcifications, Spleen on X-Ray, 1514 Calcifications, Valvular on X-Ray, 1514 Calcium Stones, 1514 Cardiac Arrest, Nontraumatic, 1515 Cardiac Death, Sudden, 1515 Cardiac Enlargement, 1515 Cardiac Murmurs, 1515 Cardiac Tumors, 1515 Cardioembolism, 1515 Cardiogenic Shock, 1516 Cataracts, Pediatric Age, 1516 Cavitary Lesion on Chest X-Ray, 1516 Cerebral Infarction Secondary to Inherited Disorders, 1516 Cerebral Vasculitis, Causes, 1517 Cerebrovascular Disease, Ischemic, 1517 Cervical Instability, Pediatric, 1517 Chest Pain, Children, 1517 Chest Pain, Nonpleuritic, 1517 Chest Pain, Pleuritic, 1518 Chest Wall Tumors, Primary, 1518 Chiasmal Disease, 1518 Childhood Eosinophilia, 1518 Cholangitis, Acute, 1518 Cholestasis, 1518 Cholestasis, Neonatal And Infantile, Differential Diagnosis, 1519 Cholestatic Liver Enzyme Elevation, Extrahepatic Causes, 1519 Cholestatic Liver Enzyme Elevation, Intrahepatic Causes, 1519 Chorea, 1520 Choreoathetosis, 1520 Chylothorax, 1520 Cloudy Urine, 1520 Clubbing, 1520 Cobalamin Deficiency, 1520 Colic, Acute Abdominal, 1521 Colon Ischemia, 1521 Color Changes, Cutaneous, 1521 Coma, 1521 Coma, Normal Computed Tomography, 1522 Coma, Pediatric Population, 1522 Congestive Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy, 1522 Congestive Heart Failure, Infant, 1523 Conjunctival Neoplasm, 1523 Consciousness Impairment, Acute, in Critically Ill Patient, 1523 Constipation, 1523 Constipation, Adult Patient, 1523 Copd Decompensation, 1524 Corneal Sensation, Decreased, 1524 Cough, 1524 Cough, Chronic, Adult Patient, 1524 Cutaneous Infections, Athletes, 1525 Cyanosis, 1525 Cyanosis, Neonatal, 1525 Daytime Sleepiness, 1525 Delayed Passage of Meconium, 1525 Delirium, 1525 Delirium and Agitation, Drug-Induced, 1526 Delirium, Agitated, 1526 Delirium, Dialysis Patient, 1526 Demyelinating Diseases, 1526 Diaphragm Elevation, Bilateral, Symmetrical, 1526 Diaphragm Elevation, Unilateral, 1526 Diarrhea, Acute Watery and Bloody, 1526 Diarrhea, Infectious, 1527 Diarrhea, Noninfectious, 1527 Diarrhea in Patients With AIDS, 1528 Diarrhea, Tube-Fed Patient, 1528 Diplopia, Binocular, 1528 Diplopia, Monocular, 1528 Diplopia, Vertical, 1528 Dysentery and Inflammatory Enterocolitis, 1528 Dizziness, 1529 Dry Eye, 1529 Dyslipoproteinemias, Secondary Causes, 1529 Dyspareunia, 1529 Dyspepsia and Pyrosis, Differential Diagnosis During Pregnancy, 1529 Dysphagia, 1529 Dysphagia, Esophageal, 1530 Dysphagia, Oropharyngeal, 1530 Dyspnea, 1530 Dysuria, 1530 Earache, 1530 Ectopic Acth Secretion, 1530 Edema, Children, 1530 Edema, Generalized, 1531 Edema, Leg, Unilateral, 1531 Edema of Lower Extremities, 1531 Ejection Sound or Click, 1531 Elbow Pain, 1531 Elevated Hemidiaphragm, 1531 Emboli, Arterial, 1531 Emesis, Pediatric Age, 1531 Encephalomyelitis, Nonviral Causes, 1532 Encephalopathy, Hypertensive, 1532 Encephalopathy, Metabolic, 1532 Endometrial Thickening, 1532 Enthesopathy, 1532 Eosinophilia, Disease Associations, 1532 Eosinophilia, GI, 1533 Eosinophilic Lung Disease, 1533 Eosinophilia, Parasitic Causes, 1533 Epigastric Pain, 1533 Epilepsy, 1534 Epistaxis, 1534 Erectile Dysfunction, Organic, 1534 Erosions, Genitalia, 1534 Erythematous Annular Skin Lesions, 1534 Erythrocytosis, 1534 Erythroderma, 1534 Esophageal Perforation, 1534 Esophageal Strictures, 1534 Esophageal Tumors, Benign, 1535 Esophagitis, 1535 Esophagus, Systemic Diseases, 1535 Esotropia, 1535 Exanthems, 1535 Eyelid Neoplasm, 1535 Eyelid Retraction, 1535 Eye Pain, 1535 Facial Pain, 1536 Facial Paralysis, 1536 Failure To Thrive, 1536 Fatigue, 1536 Fatigue, Chronic, 1536 Fatty Liver, 1537 Fever and Cardiopulmonary Failure, 1537 Fever and Jaundice, 1537 Fever and Lymphadenopathy, 1537 Fever and Rash, 1537 Fever and Rash in ICU, 1538 Fever, after Travel to the Tropics, 1538 Fever, Drug-Induced, 1538 Fever, Hospital Associated, 1538 Fever in Returning Travelers and Immigrants, 1539 Fever, Noninfectious Causes, 1539 Fever, Postpartum, 1539 Fever, Periodic, 1539 Fever, Pediatric, Acute, 1540 Fever, Recurrent or Periodic, in Children, 1540 Fever With Maculopapular or Petechial Rash, 1540 Finger Lesions, Inflammatory, 1540 Flaccid Paralysis, Acute, Differential Diagnosis, 1540 Flatulence and Bloating, 1541 Flushing, 1541 Folate Deficiency, 1541 Foot and Ankle Pain, 1541 Foot and Ankle Pain, in Different Age Groups, 1541 Foot Dermatitis, 1542 Footdrop, 1542 Foot Lesion, Ulcerating, 1542 Foot Pain, 1542 Foot Pain by Age, 1542 Forearm and Hand Pain, 1542 Forearm Fractures, 1542 Gait Abnormality, 1543 Galactorrhea, 1543 Gallbladder Sonographic Non-Visualization, 1543 Gallbladder Wall Thickening, 1543 Gastric Dilatation, 1543 Gastric Emptying, Delayed, 1543 Gastric Emptying, Rapid, 1543 Genital Discharge, Female, 1543 Genital Lesions, Infectious Causes, 1544 Genital Lesions, Noninfectious Causes, 1544 Genital Sores, 1544 Glomerulonephritis Associated With Malignancy, 1544 Glomerulonephritis, Rapidly Progressive, 1544 Glomerulopathies, Thrombotic, Microangiopathic, 1544 Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental, 1544 Glossodynia, 1544 Glucocorticoid Deficiency, 1545 Goiter, 1545 Granulomatous Dermatitides, 1545 Granulomatous Disorders, 1545 Granulomatous Liver Disease, 1546 Green or Blue Urine, 1546 Groin Lump, 1546 Groin Masses, 1546 Groin Pain, 1546 Groin Pain, Active Patient, 1546 Gynecomastia, 1547 Hair Loss, 1547 Halitosis, 1547 Hand Pain and Swelling, 1547 Headache, 1547 Headache, Acute, 1547 Headache and Facial Pain, 1548 Headache, Chronic, 1548 Head and Neck, Soft Tissue Masses, 1548 Hearing Loss, Acute, 1548 Heartburn and Indigestion, 1548 Heart Failure With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, 1549 Heart Failure, Acute, 1549 Heart Failure, Chronic, 1549 Heart Failure, Congenital Heart Disease Causes, 1549 Heart Failure, Pathogenic Causes, 1549 Heart Failure, Pregnancy, 1550 Heat Stroke, 1550 Heel Pain, 1550 Heel Pain, Plantar, 1550 Hemarthrosis, 1550 Hematemesis, 1550 Hematuria, 1550 Hematuria, Differential Based on Age and Sex, 1550 Hematuria, in Children, 1551 Hemiparesis/Hemiplegia, 1551 Hemolysis and Hemoglobinuria, 1551 Hemolysis, Intravascular, 1551 Hemolysis, Mechanical, 1551 Hemoperitoneum, 1551 Hemoptysis, 1551 Hemorrhagic Cystitis, 1552 Hepatic Cysts, 1552 Hepatic Granulomas, 1552 Hepatitis, Acute, 1552 Hepatitis, Chronic, 1552 Hepatitis, in Children, 1552 Hepatomegaly, 1553 Hepatomegaly, by Shape of Liver, 1553 Hermaphroditism, 1553 Hiccups, 1553 Hilar and Mediastinal Lymph Node Enlargement, 1553 Hip Pain, Children, 1554 Hip Pain, Differential Diagnosis, 1554 Hip Pain, in Different Age Groups, 1554 Hip Pain Without Obvious Fracture, 1554 Hirsutism, 1555 HIV Infection, Anorectal Lesions, 1555 HIV Infection, Chest Radiographic Abnormalities, 1555 HIV Infection, Cognitive Impairment, 1555 HIV Infection, Cutaneous Manifestations, 1555 HIV Infection, Esophageal Disease, 1556 HIV Infection, Hepatic Disease, 1556 HIV Infection, Lower GI Tract Disease, 1556 HIV Infection, Musculoskeletal Disorders, 1556 HIV Infection, Ocular Manifestations, 1556 HIV Infection, Pulmonary Disease, 1557 Hoarseness, 1557 Hydrocephalus, 1557 Hypercalcemia, 1557 Hypercalcemia, Malignancy-Induced, 1558 Hypercapnia, Persistent, 1558 Hypercoagulable State, Associated Disorders, 1558 Hypergastrinemia, 1558 Hyperhidrosis, 1558 Hyperkalemia, 1558 Hyperkalemia, Drug-Induced, 1559 Hyperkalemia in Children, 1559 Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders, 1559 Hypermagnesemia, 1559 Hyperostosis, Cortical Bone, 1559 Hyperphosphatemia, 1559 Hyperphosphatemia in Children, 1559 Hyperpigmentation, 1560 Hyperprolactinemia, 1560 Hypersplenism, Associated Conditions, 1560 Hypertension, Adrenocortical Causes, 1560 Hypertension, Endocrine Causes, 1561 Hypertension, in Children, 1561 Hypertension, Resistant, 1561 Hypertensive Crisis Syndromes, 1561 Hypertrichosis, 1562 Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy, 1562 Hyperventilation, Persistent, 1562 Hypocalcemia, 1562 Hypocalcemia in Pediatric Patients, 1562 Hypocapnia, 1563 Hypoglycemia, 1563 Hypoglycemia, in Infants and Children, 1563 Hypogonadism, 1563 Hypokalemia, 1564 Hypokalemia in Pediatric Patients, 1564 Hypomagnesemia, 1564 Hypomagnesemia in Pediatric Patients, 1564 Hyponatremia, 1564 Hypophosphatemia, 1565 Hypophosphatemia in Pediatric Patients, 1565 Hypopigmentation, 1565 Hypotension, Postural, 1565 Hypothyroidism, Congenital, 1565 Hypotonia, Infantile, Differential Diagnosis, 1566 Hypotonic Polyuria, 1566 Hypovolemia, 1566 Hypovolemic Shock, Pediatric Population, 1566 Hypoxemia and Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure, 1567 Iliac Fossa Pain, Left Sided, 1567 Iliac Fossa Pain, Right Sided, 1567 Immunodeficiency, Congenital (Primary), 1567 Impotence, 1568 Incontinence, Fecal, 1568 Infectious Diarrhea in Tropics, 1568 Infertility, Female, 1568 Infertility, Male, 1568 Insomnia, 1568 Intestinal Pseudoobstruction, 1569 Intraabdominal Mass Lesion, Neonatal, 1569 Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Nonhypertensive Causes, 1569 Intracranial Lesion, 1569 Intraocular Neoplasm, 1569 Iron Overload, 1569 Ischemia, Upper Extremity, Causes, 1569 Ischemic Bowel Disease, 1570 Ischemic Colitis, Nonocclusive, 1570 Ischemic Necrosis of Cartilage and Bone, 1570 Jaundice, 1570 Jaundice, Classification, 1570 Jaundice, Neonatal, 1571 Joint and Periarticular Pain, Acute, 1571 Joint Pain, Anterior Hip, Medial Thigh, Knee, 1571 Joint Pain, Hip, Lateral Thigh, 1571 Joint Pain, Polyarticular, 1572 Joint Pain, Posterior Hips, Thigh, Buttocks, 1572 Joint Swelling, 1572 Jugular Venous Distention, 1572 Keratitis, Noninfectious, 1572 Kidney Cystic Disease, 1572 Kidney Enlargement, Unilateral, 1572 Kidney Injury, Cancer Patients, 1572 Knee Pain, 1572 Knee Pain, in Different Age Groups, 1573 Large Bowel Stricture, 1573 Left Axis Deviation, 1573 Left Bundle Branch Block, 1573 Leg Cramps, Nocturnal, 1573 Leg Length Discrepancies, 1574 Leg Movement When Standing, Involuntary, 1574 Leg Pain With Exercise, 1574 Leg Swelling, 1574 Leg Ulcers, 1574 Leptomeningeal Lesions, 1574 Leukocoria, 1574 Lid Retraction, Causes, 1574 Light-Near Dissociation, 1575 Limb Ischemia, Acute, Nontraumatic, 1575 Limp, 1575 Limping, Pediatric Age, 1575 Livedo Reticularis, 1575 Liver Disease, Pregnancy, 1575 Liver Lesions, Benign, Often Confused With Malignancy, 1575 Low-Voltage ECG, 1576 Lung Cancer, Occupational Causes, 1576 Lung Disease And Gastrointestinal and Liver Involvement, 1576 Lung Disease and Renal Involvement, 1576 Lung Disease and Skin and Subcutaneous Lesions, 1576 Lung Disease with Bone, Joint, Nerve, and Muscle Involvement, 1577 Lung Tumors, Benign, 1577 Lung Volumes in Diffuse Lung Disease, 1577 Lymphadenopathy, 1578 Lymphangitis, 1578 Lymphedema, 1578 Lymphocytosis, Atypical, 1578 Macrothrombocytopenia, Inherited, 1578 Macular Crystals, 1578 Madarosis, 1578 Malabsorption, 1579 Syndrome in Tropics, 1579 Malnutrition, Causes in Early Life, 1579 Mediastinal Compartments, Anatomy and Pathology, 1579 Mediastinal Masses or Widening on Chest X-Ray, 1579 Mediastinal Masses, Sites of Origin, 1580 Mediastinitis, Acute, 1580 Melanonychia, 1580 Memory Loss Symptoms, Elderly Patients, 1580 Meningitis, Chronic, 1581 Meningitis, Recurrent, 1581 Mental Status Changes and Coma, 1581 Mental Status Changes and Coma, Structural Causes, 1581 Mental Status Changes and Coma, Metabolic and Systemic Causes, 1582 Mesenteric Arterial Embolism, Associated Factors, 1582 Mesenteric Ischemia, Nonocclusive, 1582 Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis, 1583 Metastatic Neoplasms, 1583 Methaemoglobinaemia, Drug Induced, 1583 Microcephaly, 1583 Micropenis, 1583 Miosis, 1583 Monoarthritis, Acute, 1583 Monocytosis, 1584 Mononeuropathy, 1584 Mononeuropathy, Isolated, 1584 Mononeuropathy Multiplex, 1584 Mononucleosis, Monospot Negative, 1584 Muscle Disease, 1584 Muscle Weakness, 1585 Muscle Weakness, Lower Motor Neuron Versus Upper Motor Neuron, 1585 Musculoskeletal Benign Tumors And Tumor-Like Lesions, 1585 Musculoskeletal Malignant Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions, 1585 Mydriasis, 1585 Myelin Disorders, 1585 Myelopathy And Myelitis, 1585 Myocardial Ischemia, 1585 Myoclonus, 1586 Myopathic Syndromes, Drug-induced, 1586 Myopathies Associated With Rest Pain, 1586 Myopathies, HIV Associated, 1586 Myopathies, Infectious, 1586 Myopathies, Inflammatory, 1586 Myopathies, Metabolic, 1586 Myopathies, Toxic, 1587 Myositis, Infectious Causes, 1587 Myositis, Inflammatory, 1587 Nnail Clubbing, 1587 Nail, Horizontal White Lines (Beau's Lines), 1587 Nail Koilonychia, 1587 Nail Onycholysis, 1587 Nail Pitting, 1587 Nail Splinter Hemorrhage, 1588 Nail Striations, 1588 Nail Telangiectasia, 1588 Nail Whitening (Terry's Nails), 1588 Nail Yellowing, 1588 Nasal and Paranasal Sinus Tumors, 1588 Nasal Masses, Congenital, 1588 Nausea and Vomiting, 1588 Nausea and Vomiting, Causes During Pregnancy, 1588 Nausea and Vomiting, Chronic, 1588 Neck and Arm Pain, 1589 Neck Mass, 1589 Neck Pain, 1589 Neck Pain From Rheumatologic Disorders, 1589 Necrotizing Pneumonias, 1589 Nephritic Syndrome, Acute, 1589 Nephrocalcinosis, 1589 Nephropathy, Obstructive, 1589 Neurogenic Bladder, 1590 Neurologic Deficit, Focal, 1590 Neurologic Deficit, Multifocal, 1590 Neuromuscular Junction Dysfunction, 1590 Neuronopathies, Sensory (Ganglionopathies), 1590 Neuropathic Bladder, 1591 Neuropathies With Facial Nerve Involvement, 1591 Neuropathies, Autonomic, 1591 Neuropathies, Autonomic, Peripheral, Causes, 1591 Neuropathies, Painful, 1591 Neuropathies, Peripheral, Asymmetrical Proximal/Distal, 1591 Neuropathies, Toxic and Metabolic, 1592 Neutropenia, Drug-Induced, 1592 Neutropenia with Decreased Marrow Reserve, 1592 Neutropenia with Normal Marrow Reserve, 1592 Neutropenia, in Childhood, 1592 Neutrophilia, 1592 Nipple Lesions, 1593 Nodular Lesions, Skin, 1593 Nodules, Painful, 1593 Nystagmus, 1593 Nystagmus, Monocular, 1593 Odynophagia, 1593 Opacification of Hemidiaphragm on X-Ray, 1593 Ophthalmoplegia, 1593 Opsoclonus, 1593 Optic Atrophy, 1593 Optic Disc Elevation, 1594 Oral Mucosa, Erythematous Lesions, 1594 Oral Mucosa, Pigmented Lesions, 1594 Oral Mucosa, Punctate Erosive Lesions, 1594 Oral Mucosa, White Lesions, 1594 Oral Ulcers, Acute, 1594 Oral Vesicles and Ulcers, 1594 Orbital Inflammation, 1594 Orbital Lesions, Calcified, 1595 Orbital Lesions, Cystic, 1595 Orgasm Dysfunction, 1595 Orofacial Pain, 1595 Osteolytic Benign Bone Lesions, Multiple, 1595 Osteoporosis in Children, 1595 Osteoporosis, Secondary Causes, 1595 Osteosclerosis, Diffuse, 1595 Osteosclerotic Benign Bone Lesions, Multiple, 1595 Ovulatory Dysfunction, 1595 Pain, Midfoot, 1596 Pain, Plantar Aspect, Heel, 1596 Pain, Posterior Heel, 1596 Palindromic Rheumatism, 1596 Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis, 1596 Palpitations, 1596 Pancreatic Calcifications, 1596 Pancreatic Cystic Lesions, 1597 Pancreatic Solid Lesions, 1597 Pancreatitis, Acute, in Children, 1597 Pancreatitis, Drug-Induced, 1597 Pancytopenia, 1598 Pancytopenia Syndrome, Inherited, 1598 Papilledema, 1598 Papulosquamous Diseases, 1598 Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes, 1598 Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Endocrine, 1598 Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nonendocrine, 1598 Paraparesis, Acute or Subacute, 1598 Paraparesis, Chronic Progressive, 1599 Paraplegia, 1599 Parasellar Masses, 1599 Paresthesias, 1599 Parkinsonism-Plus Syndromes, 1599 Parotid Swelling, 1600 Pelvic Avulsion Fractures, 1600 Pelvic Mass, 1600 Pelvic Pain, Causes in Women, 1600 Pelvic Pain, Chronic, 1600 Pelvic Pain, Genital Origin, 1601 Pelvic Pain, Non-pregnant Female, 1601 Penile Rash, 1601 Perianal Pain, 1601 Pericardial Effusion, 1601 Periodic Paralysis, Hyperkalemic, 1601 Periodic Paralysis, Hypokalemic, 1601 Peritoneal Carcinomatosis, 1602 Peritoneal Effusion, 1602 Periumbilical Swelling, 1602 Pharyngeal Obstruction, Causes, 1602 Pheochromocytoma-type Spells, 1602 Photodermatoses, 1602 Photosensitivity, 1602 Pigmenturia, 1602 Pituitary Region Tumors, 1603 Pleural Effusions, 1603 Pleural Effusions, Malignancy-associated, 1603 Pleural Hyperplasia, 1603 Pleural Masses, 1603 Pneumatosis Intestinalis in Neonate and Older Child, 1603 Pneumonia, Chronic, 1603 Pneumonia Mimics, 1604 Pneumonia, Nonresponding, Causes, 1604 Pneumonia, Recurrent, 1604 Pneumoperitoneum, Neonatal, 1604 Pneumothorax, in Children, 1605 Poliosis, 1605 Polycythemia, 1605 Polycythemias, Differential Diagnosis, 1605 Polycythemia, Relative Versus Absolute, 1605 Polymyalgias, 1606 Polyneuropathy, 1606 Polyneuropathy, Demyelinating, 1606 Polyneuropathy, Distal Sensorimotor, 1606 Polyneuropathy, Drug-induced, 1606 Polyneuropathy, Symmetric, 1607 Polyuria, 1607 Popliteal Swelling, 1607 Portal Hypertension, 1607 Postmenopausal Bleeding, 1607 Postural Hypotension, Nonneurologic Causes, 1607 Premature Graying, Scalp Hair, 1607 Premature Ventricular Contractions and Ventricular Tachycardia, 1607 Presacral Masses in Children, 1608 Prolonged QT Syndromes, 1608 Proptosis, 1608 Proptosis and Palatal Necrotic Ulcers, 1608 Protein-losing Enteropathy, Pediatric Age, 1608 Proteinuria, 1608 Pruritus, 1608 Pruritus Ani, 1609 Pruritus Vulvae, 1609 Pseudocyanosis, Etiology, 1609 Pseudohermaphroditism, Female, 1609 Pseudohermaphroditism, Male, 1609 Pseudoinfarction, 1609 Psychosis, 1609 Psychosis, Medical Disorders-Induced, 1610 Psychosis, Medication-Induced, 1610 Ptosis, 1610 Puberty, Delayed, 1610 Puberty, Precocious, 1610 Pulmonary Crackles, 1610 Pulmonary Cysts on X-Ray, 1611 Pulmonary Edema, Noncardiogenic, 1611 Pulmonary Eosinophilia, 1611 Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Focal, 1611 Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Pediatric Age, 1612 Pulmonary Hemorrhagic Syndromes, Diffuse, 1612 Pulmonary Infiltrates, Immunocompromised Host, 1612 Pulmonary Lesions, 1612 Pulmonary Mass, Solitary, Causes, 1612 Pulmonary Mass, Solitary, Mimics, 1612 Pulmonary Nodule, Solitary, 1612 Pulmonary-Renal Syndromes, Causes, 1613 Pulseless Electrical Activity, 1613 Pupillary Dilatation, Poor Response to Darkness, 1613 Purpura, 1613 Purpura, Nonpalpable, 1613 Purpura, Nonpurpuric Disorders Simulating Purpura, 1613 Purpura, Palpable, 1614 QT Interval Prolongation, 1614 Radiation-Induced Neoplasms, 1614 Rectal Mass, Palpable, 1614 Rectal Pain, 1614 Red Blood Cell Aplasia, Acquired, Etiology, 1614 Red Blood Cell Fragmentation Hemolysis, Causes, 1614 Red Eye, 1614 Red Eye, Acute, 1615 Red Hot Joint, 1615 Red Urine, 1615 Renal Allograft Dysfunction, 1615 Renal Artery Occlusion, Causes, 1615 Renal Colic, 1615 Renal Cystic Disorders, 1615 Renal Disease, Skin Manifestations, 1615 Renal Failure, Acute, Pigment-Induced, 1616 Renal Failure, Chronic, 1616 Renal Failure, Intrinsic or Parenchymal Causes, 1616 Renal Failure, Postrenal Causes, 1616 Renal Failure, Prerenal Causes, 1616 Renal Infarction, 1617 Renal Parenchymal Disease, Chronic, 1617 Renal Vein Thrombosis, Causes, 1617 Respiratory Distress in the Newborn, Causes, 1617 Respiratory Failure, Hypoventilatory, 1617 Respiratory Muscle Weakness, 1618 Retinopathy, Hypertensive, 1618 Rhinitis, 1618 Rhinitis, Chronic, 1618 Rhinosinusitis, Differential Diagnosis, 1618 Rib Defects On X-ray, 1618 Rib Notching On X-Ray, 1619 Right Axis Deviation, 1619 Salivary Gland Enlargement, 1619 Salivary Gland Secretion, Decreased, 1619 Scleroderma-Like Syndromes, 1619 Scrotal Calcifications, 1619 Scrotal Masses, Boys and Adolescents, 1619 Scrotal Pain, 1619 Scrotal Pain, Adolescent or Pediatric Patient, 1619 Scrotal Swelling, 1620 Seizure, 1620 Seizure, Pediatric, 1620 Seizure Mimics, 1620 Sexual Differentiation Abnormalities, 1620 Sexual Dysfunction, Female, 1621 Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Anorectal Region, 1621 Sexual Precocity, 1621 Shoulder Pain, 1621 Shoulder Pain by Location, 1621 Shoulder Pain, in Different Age Groups, 1621 Sinus Node Dysfunction, 1622 Sinus Ostial Obstruction, 1622 Sinus Tachycardia, 1622 Skin and Renal, 1622 Skin Induration, Chronic, 1622 Small Bowel Masses, 1623 Small Bowel Obstruction, 1623 Small Intestine Ulceration, 1623 Smell Disturbance, 1623 Sodium Retention, Renal Causes, 1623 Soft Tissue Mass Mimicking Malignancy, 1623 Soft Tissue Tumors, Pediatric Patients, 1623 Sore Throat, 1624 Spastic Paraplegias, 1624 Spinal Cord Compression, Epidural, 1624 Spinal Cord Dysfunction, 1624 Spinal Cord Dysfunction, Nontraumatic, 1624 Spinal Cord Ischemic Syndromes, 1624 Spinal Tumors, 1624 Splenic Cysts, Classification, 1625 Splenic Masses, Focal Solid, 1625 Splenic Nodules, 1625 Splenic Tumors, Classification, 1625 Splenomegaly, 1625 Splenomegaly and Hepatomegaly, 1625 Splenomegaly, Children, 1625 Spontaneous Pneumothorax, 1626 Statural Overgrowth, 1626 Steatohepatitis, 1626 Stomatitis, Bullous, 1626 Stridor in Neonates, 1626 Stridor, Pediatric Age, 1626 Stroke, 1627 Stroke, Pediatric Age, 1627 Stroke, Young Adult, Causes, 1627 ST-Segment Depression, Noncoronary Causes, 1627 ST-Segment Elevation, 1627 St Segment Elevations, Nonischemic, 1628 Sudden Death, Pediatric Age, 1628 Sudden Death, Young Athlete, 1628 Swollen Limb, 1628 SECTION III Clinical Algorithms Additional algorithms available at www.expertconsult.com, 1647 Abdominal Abscess, 1648 Abdominal Pain, Acute, 1649 Abdominal Pain, Right Upper Quadrant, 1650 Acid-Base Homeostasis, 1651 Acidosis, Metabolic, 1653 Acidosis, Respiratory, Acute, 1654 Acidosis, Respiratory, Chronic, 1655 Adrenal Mass, 1656 Airway Obstruction, Malignant, 1657 Allergic Reaction to Vaccines, 1658 Alkalosis, Metabolic, 1659 Alkalosis, Respiratory Treatment, 1660 Altered Mental Status and Coma, 1661 Altered Mental Status and Coma, 1661 Alveolar Hemorrhage, 1661.e1 Ambiguous Genitalia, 1661.e3 Anemia, 1662 Anemia, Macrocytic, 1663 Anemia, Microcytic, 1664 Anisocoria, 1665 Anorectal Complaints, 1667 Anorexia, 1668 Anticholinergic Poisoning, 1669 Arthralgia Limited to One or Few Joints, 1670 Aspiration, Gastric Contents, 1670.e1 Aspiration, Oral Contents, 1670.e2 Ataxia, Progressive, 1671 Azoospermia, 1671.e1 Back Pain, 1672 Bleeding Disorder, Congenital, 1672.e1 Bleeding Disorders, 1673 Bleeding, Early Pregnancy, 1674.e1 Bleeding, Gastrointestinal, 1675 Bleeding, Neonate, 1676.e1 Bleeding, Vaginal, 1677 Bradycardia, 1679 Bradycardia, Pediatric Patient, 1679.e1 Breast, Nipple Discharge Evaluation, 1680 Breast, Routine Screen or Palpable Mass Evaluation, 1682 Breastfeeding Difficulties, 1683.e1 Ventricular Failure, 1638 Verrucous Lesions, 1638 Vertigo, 1639 Vertigo, Central, 1639 Vesiculobullous Diseases, 1639 Vision Loss, Acute, Painful, 1639 Vision Loss, Acute, Painless, 1639 Vision Loss After Diving, 1639 Vision Loss, Children, 1639 Vision Loss, Chronic, Progressive, 1640 Vision Loss, Monocular, Transient, 1640 Vitreous Hemorrhage, 1640 Vocal Cord Paralysis, 1640 Volume Depletion, 1640 Volume Excess, 1640 Vomiting, 1640 Vomiting, Neonatal, 1640 Vulvar Lesions, 1641 Weakness, Acute, Emergent, 1641 Weakness, Gradual Onset, 1641 Weakness, Nonneuromuscular Causes, 1641 Weight Gain, 1642 Weight Loss, 1642 Wheezing, 1642 Wheezing, Pediatric Age, 1642 Wrist and Hand Pain, in Different Age Groups, 1642 Wrist Pain, 1642 Xerophthalmia, 1643 Tall Stature, 1628 Tardive Dyskinesia, 1628 Taste And Smell Loss, 1628 Telangiectasia, 1629 Tendinopathy, 1629 Testicular Cystic Lesions, 1629 Testicular Failure, 1629 Testicular Pain, 1629 Testicular Size Variations, 1629 Tetanus, 1630 Thrombocytopenia, 1630 Thrombocytopenia, in Pregnancy, 1630 Thrombocytopenia, Inherited Disorders, 1630 Thrombocytopenia in Newborns, Differential Diagnosis, 1630 Thrombocytosis, 1630 Thrombosis or Thrombotic Diathesis, 1630 Thymic Masses, 1631 Thymoma, Diseases Associations, 1631 Thyromegaly, 1631 Thyrotoxicosis, 1631 Tick-related Infections, 1631 Tics, 1631 Torsades de Pointes, 1631 Toxic Megacolon, Causes, 1631 Tracheobronchial Narrowing on X-Ray, 1632 Tremor, 1632 Tremor, in Children, Causes, 1632 Trichomegaly, 1632 Tubulointerstitial Disease, Acute, 1632 Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease, 1633 Tumor Markers Elevation, 1633 Uremic Encephalopathy, Differential Diagnosis, 1633 Ureteral Colic, 1633 Ureteral Stricture, 1633 Ureteric Obstruction, Congenital, 1634 Urethral Bleeding, 1634 Urethral Discharge and Dysuria, 1634 Urethral Obstruction, Children, 1634 Uric Acid Stones, 1634 Urinary Incontinence, Children, 1634 Urinary Retention, 1634 Urinary Retention, Acute, 1634 Urinary Tract Bleeding, Upper, 1634 Urinary Tract Obstruction, 1635 Urinary Tract Obstruction, Congenital Causes, 1635 Urine Casts, 1635 Urine Color Abnormalities, 1635 Urine, Red, 1636 Urolithiasis-Like Pain, 1636 Uropathy, Obstructive, 1636 Urosepsis, 1636 Uterine Bleeding, Abnormal, 1637 Uveitis, Pediatric Age, 1637 Vaginal Bleeding, Pregnancy, 1637 Vaginal Discharge, Prepubertal Girls, 1637 Valvular Heart Disease, 1637 Vascular Lesions of GI Tract, 1637 Vasculitis, Classification, 1638 Vasculitis (Diseases That Mimic Vasculitis), 1638 Vegetative State, Persistent, 1638 Ventilation-perfusion Mismatch on Lung Scan, 1638 Xerostomia, 1643 Yellow Urine, 1643? Bullae on Lower Extremities, 1683.e2 Cardiac Arrest, 1684 Cardiogenic Shock, 1685 Cardiomegaly on Chest X-Ray, 1686 Cardiomyopathy, 1689 Chest Pain, 1691 Chest X-Ray Abnormality (Suspected), 1692 Connective Tissue Disorder, Suspected, 1693 Connective Tissue Disorder, Suspected, 1693 Connective Tissue Laboratory Tests, 1694 Constipation, 1696 Convulsive Disorder, Suspected, Pediatric Patient, 1697.e1 Corneal Disorders, 1697.e2 Cough, Chronic, 1698 Cutaneous Microvascular Occlusion Syndromes, 1699.e1 Cyanosis, 1700 Cystitis, Acute, 1700.e1 Defecation Disorder, Pediatric Age, 1700.e2 Defecation Disorder, Pediatric Age, 1700.e2 Developmental Delay, 1700.e3 Diarrhea, Watery, 1700.e4 Dilated Pupil, 1700.e5 Dyspepsia, 1700.e6 Dyspnea, 1701 Dysuria and/or Urethral/Vaginal Discharge, 1705 Ear Pain, 1705.e1 Eating Disorder, 1706 Edema, Generalized, 1707 Edema, Regional, 1708 Eosinophilic Dermatoses, 1709 Erythrocytosis, Acquired, 1710 Erythroderma, 1710.e1 Esophageal Foreign Body, 1710.e3 Fatigue, 1711 Fever and Infection in High-Risk Hematology Patient without Obvious Source, 1711.e1 Fever and Infection in High-Risk Hematology Patient without Obvious Source, 1711.e1 Fever and Neutropenia, 1712 Fever and Neutropenia, Pediatric Patient, 1712.e1 Fever, Pediatric Patient, 1713 Flushing, 1714 Food Reaction, 1715 Genital Lesions or Ulcers, 1716 GI Bleeding, Pediatric Patient, 1716.e1 Goiter Evaluation and Management, 1717 Granuloma, 1718 Hearing Loss, 1719 Hematochezia, Management, 1721.e1 Hematuria, Asymptomatic, 1722 Hematuria, Pediatric Patient, 1722.e1 Hepatic Mass, 1723 Hepatitis, Viral, 1724 Hepatomegaly, 1725 Hypercalcemia, 1727 Hypercapnia, 1728 Hyperpigmentation, 1729 Hypogonadism, 1732 Hypotension, 1733 Hypotension, Post-Operative, 1734 Hypovolemic shock, 1735 Hypoxemia, Post-Operative, 1736 Infections of Soft Tissue, Joints, and Bone, 1737 Infectious Diarrhea, 1738 Inflammatory Arthritis, 1739 Intraabdominal Infection, Suspected, 1740 Jaundice, Neonatal, 1741 Joint Effusion, 1742 Joint Pain and Swelling, 1743 Leg Ulcer, 1744 Liver Function Test Elevations, 1745 Lymphadenopathy, Generalized, 1746 Malar Eruption, 1747 Mental Status Change, Elderly Patient, 1748 Murmur, Diastolic, 1749 Murmur, Systolic, 1750 Muscle Cramps and Aches, 1751 Muscle Weakness, 1752 Musculoskeletal Complaints, 1753 Nausea and Vomiting, 1753.e1 Neck Mass, 1754 Neck Pain, 1755 Nystagmus, 1756 Occupational Asthma, 1761 Oliguria, 1763 Onycholysis, 1763.e1 Palpitations, Dizziness, and/or Syncope, 1764 Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors, 1764.e1 Pancreatic Mass, 1765 Papulosquamous Disorders, Pediatric Patient, 1765.e1 Patient with Ill-Defined Physical Complaints, 1766 Pelvic Mass, 1767 Pelvic Pain, Women, Diagnostic Evaluation, 1768 Pelvic Pain, Women, Management, 1770 Peripheral Neuropathy, 1771 Photosensitivity, 1771.e1 Pneumothorax, Traumatic, 1772 Proteinuria, 1773 Proteinuria in Children, 1774 Pruritus, Generalized, 1775 Pruritus, Pregnant Patient, 1775.e1 Pseudohermaphroditism, 1775.e2 Pulmonary Nodule, 1776 Purpura, Palpable, 1779 Reactive Erythema, Pediatric Patient, 1779.e1 Renal Mass, 1780 Renal Trauma, 1780.e1 Scrotal Mass, 1780.e1 Sexual Precocity, Female Breast Development, 1781.e1 Sexual Precocity, Female Pubic Hair Development, 1781.e2 Sexual Precocity, Male, 1781.e4 Shock, 1782 Short Stature, 1782.e1 Shoulder Pain, 1782.e2 Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, 1783 Skin Blisters, 1784.e1 Sleep Disorders, 1785 Sleep Disorders Associated with Pregnancy, 1788 Sleep-Related Movement Disorders, 1789 Sore Throat, 1790 Spondyloarthropathy, Diagnosis, 1791 Spondyloarthropathy, Treatment, 1792 Stroke, 1792.e1 Tachycardia, Diagnostic Approach, 1793 Tachycardia, Narrow Complex, 1794 Tachycardia, Pediatric Patient, 1794.e1 Tachycardia, Wide Complex, 1795 Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Differential Diagnosis, 1796.e1 Thyroid, Painful, 1797 Thyrotoxicosis, 1798 Trauma in Pregnancy, 1798.e1 Traumatic Aortic Injury, 1798.e2 Urinary Incontinence, Sphincteric, Male Patient, 1799 Urinary Tract Obstruction, 1800 Vaginal Discharge, Evaluation, 1801 Vaginitis, Pediatric, 1802 Ventricular Fibrillation or Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia, 1803 Vertigo, 1804 Vomiting, Acute, Management, 1806 Weakness, 1807 Weight Gain, 1809 Weight Loss, Unintentional, 1810? Additional Clinical Algorithms Available at ExpertConsult.com Alveolar Hemorrhage (Figs. E18 and E19, Box E1) Ambiguous Genitalia (Figs. E20, E21) Aspiration, Gastric Contents (Fig. E32) Aspiration, Oral Contents (Fig. E33) Azoospermia (Figs. E35, E36) Bleeding Disorder, Congenital (Fig. E38) Bleeding, Early Pregnancy (Fig. E40) Bleeding, Neonate (Fig. E42) Bradycardia, Pediatric Patient (Fig. E46) Breastfeeding Difficulties (Fig. E50) Bullae on Lower Extremities (Fig. E51) Convulsive Disorder, Suspected, Pediatric Patient (Fig. E66) Corneal Disorders (Fig. E67) Cutaneous Microvascular Occlusion Syndromes (Fig. E69, Tables E11 and E12) Cystitis, Acute (Fig. E71) Defecation Disorder, Pediatric Age (Figs. E72 and E73) Developmental Delay (Fig. E74) Diarrhea, Watery (Fig. E75) Dilated Pupil (Fig. E76) Dyspepsia (Fig. E77) Ear Pain (Figs. E81, E82) Erythroderma (Fig. E88, Table E16) Esophageal Foreign Body (Figs. E89 and E90, Tables E17 and E18) Fever and Infection in High-Risk Hematology Patient Without Obvious Source (Fig. E92) Fever and Neutropenia, Pediatric Patient (Fig. E94) GI Bleeding, Pediatric Patient (Fig. E99) Hematochezia, Management (Fig. E103) Hematuria, Pediatric Patient (Figs. E105 and E106) Nausea and Vomiting (Fig. E139, Tables E26, E27, E28, and E29) Onycholysis (Fig. E151) Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors (Fig. E153) Papulosquamous Disorders, Pediatric Patient (Fig. E155) Photosensitivity (Fig. E163) Pruritus, Pregnant Patient (Fig. E169) Pseudohermaphroditism (Fig. E170) Reactive Erythema, Pediatric Patient (Fig. E173) Renal Trauma (Fig. E177, Table E42) Sexual Precocity, Female Breast Development (Fig. E179) Sexual Precocity, Female Pubic Hair Development (Fig. E180, Table E43) Sexual Precocity, Male (Fig. E181, Table E44) Short Stature (Fig. E183) Shoulder Pain (Fig. E184) Skin Blisters (Fig. E187, Table E46) Stroke (Fig. E195) Tachycardia, Pediatric Patient (Fig. E199) Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Differential Diagnosis (Fig. E203) Trauma in Pregnancy (Fig. E206) Traumatic Aortic Injury (Fig. E207, Box E8)? SECTION IV Laboratory Tests and Interpretation of Results Ace Level, 1813 Acetone (Serum Or Plasma), 1813 Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibody, 1813 Acid-Base Reference Values, 1813 Acid Phosphatase (Serum), 1813 Acid Serum Test, 1813 Activated Clotting Time (ACT), 1813 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT, APTT), 1813 Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, 1813 Alanine Aminopeptidase, 1813 Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT), 1813 Albumin (Serum), 1815 Alcohol Dehydrogenase, 1815 Aldolase (Serum), 1815 Aldosterone, 1815 Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (Serum), 1815 Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (Serum), 1816 Alpha-1-Fetoprotein (Serum), 1816 Alt, 1816 Aluminum (Serum), 1816 Ama, 1816 Amebiasis Serologic Test, 1816 Aminolevulinic Acid (?-ALA) (24-hr Urine Collection), 1817 Ammonia (Serum), 1817 Amylase (Serum), 1817 Amylase, Urine, 1817 Amyloid A Protein (Serum), 1817 Ana, 1817 Anca, 1817 Androstenedione (Serum), 1817 Angiotensin II, 1817 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (Ace Level), 1817 Anh, 1817 Anion Gap, 1817 Anticardiolipin Antibody, 1817 Anticoagulant, 1817 Antidiuretic Hormone, 1817 Anti-DNA, 1817 Anti-DS DNA, 1817 Antiglobulin Test, 1817 Antiglomerular Basement Antibody, 1817 Antihistone, 1817 Antimitochondrial Antibody (Ama, Mitochondrial Antibody), 1818 Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody, 1818 Antinuclear Antibody (ANA), 1818 Anti-RNP Antibody, 1819 Anti-SCL-70, 1819 Anti-SM (Anti-Smith) Antibody, 1819 Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody, 1819 Antistreptolysin O Titer (Streptozyme, ASLO Titer), 1819 Antithrombin III, 1819 Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1), 1819 Apolipoprotein B (Apo B), 1819 Arterial Blood Gases, 1820 Arthrocentesis Fluid, 1820 ASLO Titer, 1821 Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, SGOT), 1821 Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH), 1821 B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), 1821 Basophil Count, 1821 Bicarbonate, 1821 Bile, Urine, 1821 Bilirubin, Direct (Conjugated Bilirubin), 1821 Bilirubin, Indirect (Unconjugated Bilirubin), 1821 Bilirubin, Total, 1821 Bilirubin, Urine, 1823 Bladder Tumor Associated Antigen, 1823 Bleeding Time (Modified Ivy Method), 1823 Blood Volume, Total, 1823 BNP, 1823 Bordetella pertussis Serology, 1823 BRCA Analysis, 1823 Breath Hydrogen Test (Hydrogen Breath Test), 1824 Bun, 1824 C282Y And H63d Mutation Analysis, 1824 C3, 1824 C4, 1824 Calcitonin (Serum), 1824 Calcium (Serum), 1824 Calcium, Urine, 1824 Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), 1824 Cancer Antigen 27-29 (CA 27-29), 1824 Cancer Antigen 72-4 (CA 72-4), 1824 Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), 1825 Captopril Stimulation Test, 1825 Carbamazepine (Tegretol), 1825 Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9, 1825 Carbon Dioxide, Partial Pressure, 1825 Carbon Monoxide, 1825 Carboxyhemoglobin, 1825 Carcinoembryonic Antigen, 1825 Carotene (Serum), 1827 Catecholamines, Urine, 1827 CBC, 1827 CD40 Ligand, 1827 CD4+ T-lymphocyte Count (CD4+ T-cells), 1827 CEA, 1827 Cerebrospinal Fluid, 1827 Ceruloplasmin (Serum), 1829 Chlamydia Group Antibody Serologic Test, 1829 Chlamydia trachomatis PCR, 1829 Chloride (Serum), 1829 Chloride (Sweat), 1829 Chloride, Urine, 1829 Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin, 1829 Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein, 1829 Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein, 1829 Cholesterol, Total, 1829 Chorionic Gonadotropins, Human (Serum) (HCG), 1831 Chymotrypsin, 1831 Circulating Anticoagulant (Lupus Anticoagulant), 1832 CK, 1832 Clonidine Suppression Test, 1832 Clostridium Difficile Toxin Assay (Stool), 1832 CO, 1832 Coagulation Factors, 1832 Cobalamin, Serum, 1833 Cold Agglutinins Titer, 1833 Complement, 1833 Complement Deficiency, 1833 Complete Blood Count (CBC), 1833 Conjugated Bilirubin, 1834 Copper (Serum), 1834 Copper, Urine, 1834 Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) Stimulation Test, 1834 Cortisol, Plasma, 1834 C-Peptide, 1836 Coombs Direct, 1836 Coombs Indirect, 1836 CPK, 1836 C-Reactive Protein, 1836 C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (hs-CRP, Cardio-CRP), 1836 Creatine Kinase, 1836 Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes, 1836 Creatinine (Serum), 1837 Creatinine Clearance, 1837 Creatinine, Urine, 1837 Cryoglobulins (Serum), 1837 Cryptosporidium Antigen By EIA (Stool), 1837 CSF, 1838 Cystatin C, 1838 Cystic Fibrosis PCR, 1838 Cytomegalovirus by PCR, 1838 D-Dimer, 1838 Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, 1838 Dehydrotestosterone (Serum, Urine), 1838 Deoxycorticosterone (11-Deoxycorticosterone, Doc) (Serum), 1838 Dexamethasone Suppression Test, Overnight, 1838 Digoxin, 1838 Dilantin, 1838 Direct Antiglobulin (Coombs Direct), 1838 Disaccharide Absorption Tests, 1839 DOC, 1839 Donath-landsteiner (D-l) Test For Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria, 1839 Dopamine, 1839 d-xylose Absorption, 1839 d-xylose Absorption Test, 1839 Electrophoresis, Hemoglobin, 1839 Electrophoresis, Protein, 1839 ENA Complex, 1839 Endomysial Antibodies, 1839 Eosinophil Count, 1839 Epinephrine, Plasma, 1840 Epstein-Barr Virus Serology (Box 14), 1840 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR, Sed Rate, Sedimentation Rate), 1840 Erythropoietin (EP), 1840 Estradiol (Serum), 1840 Estrogen, 1840 Ethanol (blood), 1841 Extractable Nuclear Antigen (Ena Complex, Anti-RNP Antibody, Anti-Sm, Anti-smith), 1841 Factor V Leiden, 1841 Fasting Blood Sugar, 1841 FBS, 1841 FDP, 1841 Fecal Fat, Quantitative (72-hr Collection), 1842 Fecal Globin Immunochemical Test, 1842 Ferritin (Serum), 1842 ?-1 Fetoprotein, 1842 Fibrin Degradation Product, 1842 Fibrinogen, 1843 Folate (Folic Acid), 1843 Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), 1843 Free T4, 1843 Free Thyroxine Index, 1843 FTA-ABS, 1843 Furosemide Stimulation Test, 1843 Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), 1844 Gastrin (Serum), 1844 Gastrin Stimulation Test, 1844 Gliadin Antibodies, IgA and IgG, 1844 Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) Antibody, 1844 Glomerular Filtration Rate, 1844 Glucagon, 1844 Glucose, Fasting (FBS, Fasting Blood Sugar), 1844 Glucose, Postprandial, 1844 Glucose Tolerance Test, 1844 Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Screen (Blood), 1844 ?-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), 1845 Glycohemoglobin (Glycated Glycosylated] Hemoglobin), (HbA1c), 1845 Growth Hormone, 1845 Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH), 1845 Growth Hormone Suppression Test (After Glucose), 1845 Ham Test (Acid Serum Test), 1845 Haptoglobin (Serum), 1845 HBA1C, 1845 HDL, 1845 Helicobacter Pylori (Serology, Stool Antigen), 1845 Hematocrit, 1845 Hemoglobin, 1845 Hemoglobin A1c, 1846 Hemoglobin Electrophoresis, 1846 Hemoglobin, Glycated, 1846 Hemoglobin, Glycosylated, 1846 Hemoglobin H, 1846 Hemoglobin, Urine, 1846 Hemosiderin, Urine, 1847 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Antibodies, 1847 Hepatitis A Antibody, 1847 HAV-IGM Antibody, 1847 HAV Total Antibody, 1847 Hepatitis A Viral Infection, 1847 Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBSAG), 1847 Hepatitis B Viral Infection, 1847 Hepatitis C Viral Infection, 1848 Hepatitis C RNA, 1848 Hepatitis D Viral Infection, 1848 Delta Hepatitis Coinfection (acute HDV1 acute HBV) or Superinfection (acute HDV1 Chronic HBV), 1848 HDV-AG, 1849 HDV-AB (IgM), 1849 HDV-AB (total), 1849 HER-2/NEU, 1849 Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), 1849 HFE Screen For Hereditary Hemochromatosis, 1849 Heterophil Antibody, 1849 High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol, 1849 HLA Antigens, 1849 Homocysteine (Plasma), 1849 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), 1849 Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8), 1850 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody, Type 1 (HIV-1), 1850 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Antigen (P24), Qualitative (P24 Antigen), 1850 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Load, 1852 Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), 1852 Huntington's Disease PCR, 1852 Hydrogen Breath Test, 1852 5-Hydroxyindole-Acetic Acid, Urine, 1852 Immune Complex Assay, 1852 Immunoglobulins, 1852 Indirect Antiglobulin (Coombs Indirect), 1853 Influenza A And B Tests, 1853 Insulin Autoantibodies, 1853 Insulin, Free, 1853 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) (Serum), 1853 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II, 1853 International Normalized Ratio (INR), 1853 Intrinsic Factor Antibodies, 1854 Iron (Serum), 1854 Iron-Binding Capacity, Total (TIBC), 1854 Iron Saturation (% Transferrin Saturation), 1854 Lactate (Blood), 1854 Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), 1855 Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes, 1855 Lactose Tolerance Test (Serum), 1855 Lap Score, 1855 Lead, 1855 LDH, 1855 LDL, 1855 Legionella Pneumophila PCR, 1855 Legionella Titer, 1855 Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP), 1855 Leukocyte Count, 1857 Lipase, 1857 Lipoprotein(a), 1857 Lipoprotein Cholesterol, High-Density, 1857 Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Low-Density, 1857 Liver Kidney Microsome Type 1 Antibodies (LKM1), 1857 LKM1, 1857 Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol, 1857 Lupus Anticoagulant, 1857 Luteinizing Hormone, 1857 Lyme Disease Antibody Titer, 1857 Lymphocytes, 1857 Magnesium (Serum), 1859 Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), 1860 Metanephrines, Urine, 1860 Methylmalonic Acid (Serum), 1860 Mitochondrial Antibody (AMA), 1860 Monocyte Count, 1860 Mycoplasma Pneumoniae PCR, 1860 Myelin Basic Protein, Cerebrospinal Fluid, 1860 Myoglobin, Urine, 1860 Neisseria Gonorrhoeae PCR, 1861 Neutrophil Count, 1861 Norepinephrine, 1861 5'-Nucleotidase, 1861 Osmolality (Serum), 1863 Osmolality, Urine, 1863 Osmotic Fragility Test, 1863 Paracentesis Fluid, 1865 Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), 1865 Parietal Cell Antibodies, 1865 Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), 1865 Pepsinogen I, 1865 pH, Blood, 1865 pH, Urine, 1865 Phenobarbital, 1865 Phenytoin (Dilantin), 1865 Phosphatase, Acid, 1865 Phosphatase, Alkaline, 1865 Phosphate (Serum), 1865 Plasminogen, 1866 Platelet Aggregation, 1866 Platelet Antibodies, 1866 Platelet Count, 1866 Platelet Function Analysis 100 Assay (PFA), 1868 Pleural Fluid, 1868 Potassium (Serum), 1869 Potassium, Urine, 1872 Procainamide, 1872 Progesterone (Serum), 1872 Prolactin, 1872 Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), 1872 Prostatic Acid Phosphatase, 1872 Protein (Serum), 1872 Protein C Assay, 1872 Protein Electrophoresis (Serum), 1872 Protein S Assay, 1873 Prothrombin Time (PT), 1873 Protoporphyrin (Free Erythrocyte), 1873 PSA, 1874 PT, 1874 PTH, 1874 PTT, 1874 Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR), 1874 RDW, 1874 Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count, 1874 Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW), 1874 Red Blood Cell Folate, 1874 Red Blood Cell Mass (Volume), 1875 Red Blood Cell Morphology, 1875 Renin (Serum), 1875 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Screen, 1875 Reticulocyte Count, 1876 Rheumatoid Factor, 1878 RNP, 1878 RPR, 1878 Rotavirus Serology, 1878 Sed Rate, 1878 Sedimentation Rate, 1878 Semen Analysis, 1878 SGOT, 1878 SGPT, 1878 Sickle Cell Test, 1878 Smooth Muscle Antibody, 1878 Sodium (Serum), 1878 Streptozyme, 1880 Sucrose Hemolysis Test (Sugar Water Test), 1880 Sudan III Stain (Qualitative Screening For Fecal Fat), 1880 Synovial Fluid Analysis, 1880 T3 (Triiodothyronine), 1881 T3 Resin Uptake (T3ru), 1881 T4, Free (Free Thyroxine), 1881 T4, Serum T4, 1882 Tegretol, 1882 Testosterone (Total Testosterone), 1882 Theophylline, 1883 Thoracentesis Fluid, 1883 Thrombin Time (TT), 1883 Thyroglobulin, 1883 Thyroid Microsomal Antibodies, 1883 Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), 1883 Thyrotropin (TSH) Receptor Antibodies, 1883 Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) Stimulation Test, 1883 Thyroxine (T4), 1883 TIBC, 1883 Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody, 1883 Transferrin, 1883 Triglycerides, 1883 Triiodothyronine, 1883 Troponins (Serum), 1883 TSH, 1885 TT, 1885 Tuberculin Test (PPD), 1885 Unconjugated Bilirubin, 1885 Urea Nitrogen, Blood (BUN), 1885 Uric Acid (Serum), 1885 Urinalysis, 1886 Urine Amylase, 1886 Urine Bile, 1886 Urine Calcium, 1886 Urine Camp, 1886 Urine Catecholamines, 1886 Urine Chloride, 1887 Urine Copper, 1887 Urine Cortisol, Free, 1887 Urine Creatinine (24 Hr), 1887 Urine Crystals, 1887 Urine Eosinophils, 1887 Urine Glucose (Qualitative), 1887 Urine Hemoglobin, Free, 1887 Urine Hemosiderin, 1887 Urine 5-hydroxyindole-Acetic Acid (URINE 5-HIAA), 1887 Urine Indican, 1887 Urine Ketones (Semiquantitative), 1888 Urine Metanephrines, 1888 Urine Myoglobin, 1888 Urine Nitrite, 1888 Urine Occult Blood, 1888 Urine Osmolality, 1888 Urine Ph, 1888 Urine Phosphate, 1888 Urine Potassium, 1888 Urine Protein (Quantitative), 1889 Urine Sediment, 1889 Urine Sodium (Quantitative), 1889 Urine Specific Gravity, 1889 Urine Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA), 1889 Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Serology, 1891 Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), 1891 VDRL, 1891 Viscosity (Serum), 1891 Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin), 1891 Vitamin D, 1,25 Dihydroxy Calciferol, 1891 Vitamin K, 1891 Von Willebrand Factor, 1891? SECTION V Clinical Practice Guidelines PART A . T HE PERIODIC HEALTH EXAMINATION Age-Specific Charts, 1899 TABLE 1 Birth to 10 Years, 1899 TABLE 2 Ages 11 to 24 Years, 1901 TABLE 3 Ages 25 to 64 Years, 1903 TABLE 4 Ages 65 and Older, 1905 TABLE 5 Pregnant Women, 1907 TABLE 6 Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines, 1908 PART B . IMMUNIZATIONS AND CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS Childhood and Adolescent Immunizations, 1909 TABLE 7 Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger-United States, 1909 TABLE 8 Catch-Up Immunization Schedule for Persons Aged 4 Months Through 18 Years Who Start Late or Who Are More Than 1 Month Behind-United States, 1910 General Recommendations on Immunization, 1915 TABLE 9 Recommended and Minimum Ages and Intervals between Vaccine Doses, 1915 TABLE 10 Guidelines for Spacing of Live and Inactivated Antigens, 1916 TABLE 11 Guidelines for Administering Antibody-Containing Products and Vaccines, 1916 TABLE 12 Recommended Intervals between Administration of AntibodyContaining Products and Measles- or Varicella-Containing Vaccine, by Product and Indication for Vaccination, 1917 TABLE 13 Contraindications and Precautions to Commonly Used Vaccines, 1918 TABLE 14 Conditions Commonly Misperceived as Contraindications to Vaccinations 1920 Vaccine Administration, 1922 TABLE 15 Treatment of Anaphylaxis in Children and Adults with Drugs Administered Intramuscularly or Orally TABLE 16 Vaccination of Persons with Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiencies, 1923 TABLE 17 Immunization for Pediatric Oncology Patients, 1924 TABLE 18 Approaches to the Evaluation and Vaccination of Persons Vaccination Outside the United States Who Have No (or Questionable) Vaccination Records, 1925 Immunization for Adults, 1926 TABLE 19 Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older by Age Group, United States, 1927 TABLE 20A Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older by Medical Condition and Other Indications, United States, 1928 TABLE 20B Contraindications and Precautions for Vaccines Recommended for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older, 1931 TABLE 21 Immunization and Pregnancy, 1932 TABLE 22 Immunizing Agents and Immunization Schedule for Health Care Workers (HCWs), 1933 TABLE 23 Recommendations for Persons with Medical Conditions Requiring Special Vaccination Considerations, 1936 TABLE 24 Vaccinations for International Travel, 1937 Recommendations and Implementation Strategies for Hepatitis B Vaccination of Adults, 1938 BOX 1 Adults Recommended to Receive Hepatitis B Vaccination, 1938 BOX 2 Hepatitis B Vaccine Schedules for Adults (Aged ?20 yr), 1938 TABLE 25 Recommended Doses of Currently Licensed Formulations of Adult Hepatitis B Vaccine by Group and Vaccine Type, 1939 TABLE 26 Recommended HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), and Viral Hepatitis Prevention Services by Risk Population, 1939 TABLE 27 Guidelines for Postexposure Prophylaxis of Persons with Nonoccupational Exposures to Blood or Body Fluids That Contain Blood by Exposure Type and Vaccination Status, 1940 TABLE 28 Typical Interpretation of Serologic Test Results for Hepatitis B Virus Infection, 1940 Hepatitis A Prophylaxis, 1941 TABLE 29 Recommended Dosages of Hepatitis A Immune Globulin, 1941 TABLE 30 Licensed Dosages of Hepatitis A Vaccines, 1941 Influenza Treatment and Prophylaxis, 1942 BOX 3 Summary of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Recommendations, 1942 TABLE 31 Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) Compared with Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (TIV) for Seasonal Influenza, United States Formulations, 1943 Indications for Use of Antivirals, 1944 HIV Testing and Postexposure Prophylaxis, 1946 Recommendations for HIV Testing of Adults, Adolescents, and Pregnant Women, 1946 FIGURE 7 Algorithm for Evaluation and Treatment of Possible Nonoccupational HIV Exposure, 1948 TABLE 32 HIV Exposure, Estimated Per-Act Risk, 1948 TABLE 33 Recommended Postexposure Prophylaxies (PEP) for all Occupational Exposures to Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 1949 TABLE 34 Antiretroviral Therapy Medications, Adult Dosage, and Side Effects, 1950 TABLE 35 Laboratory Tests Generally Recommended for Persons after Exposure to HIV, 1951 BOX 4 Situations for which Expert Consultation for HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis Is Advised, 1951 BOX 5 Occupational Exposure Management Resources, 1952 BOX 6 Management of Occupational Blood Exposures, 1952 Endocarditis Prophylaxis, 1953 TABLE 36 Cardiac Conditions Associated with the Highest Risk of Adverse Outcome from Endocarditis for Which Prophylaxis with Dental Procedures Is Recommended, 1953 TABLE 37 Dental Procedures for Which Endocarditis Prophylaxis Is Recommended for Patients in Table 36, 1953 TABLE 38 Regimens for a Dental Procedure, 1953 TABLE 39 Summary of Major Changes in Updated Recommendations, 1954 Hepatitis C Testing, 1955 BOX 7 Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and HCV-Related Chronic Diseases, 1955 FIGURE 8 Analytic Framework for Guiding HCV Testing Among Persons Born During 1945-1965, 1956 Hepatitis B Virus Postexposure Protection for Health Care Personnel, 1957 TABLE 40 Postexposure Management of Health Care Personnel After Occupational Percutaneous and Mucosal Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids, by Health Care Personnel HepB Vaccination and Response Status, 1957? Additional PTGs Available at ExpertConsult.com Not Linked to Topics in Section I Achilles Tendonitis Acquired Polyneuropathy Amphetamine Abuse Anal Cancer Aortic Valve Disease Aspirin, Ibuprofen, and Other Pain Medication (Child) Atypical Pneumonia Back Pain Bartholin Cyst Blisters Boils Brain Trauma Bundle Branch Block Cardiac Pacemaker and Defibrillator Cervical Radiculopathy Cervical Spondylosis Children's Vitamins Chronic Renal Failure Cleft Lip and Palate Coarctation of the Aorta Colic Common Cold Complications of Bariatric Surgery Constipation Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Cystitis Dermatitis Herpetiformis Diagnostic Heart Catheterization Diaper Rash Dietary Fiber Dry Eye Ear Ache Elbow Dislocation Ensuring Your Child's Safety Eosinophilic Esophagitis Epilepsy Excessive Perspiration Exercises and Cardiovascular Health Femoral Hernia Finger Sprain Flue Vaccination Food-Borne Intestinal Protozoan Infections Forgetfulness Gangrene Gastroparesis and Gastric Motility Disorders Gluten-Free Diet Groin Strain Halitosis Hamstring Strain Healthy Diet as a Teenager Hearing Loss Hernia High Triglycerides Hip Pain Hydration (for athletes) Hypoglycemia in Diabetes Ingrown Toenail Inguinal Hernia Intussusception Jellyfish and Other Marine Animals Stings and Bites Kegel Exercises Knee Sprain Knee Swelling Legionnaires' Disease Lipoma Liver Transplantation Low Back Pain Low Back Strain Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Microscopic Colitis Mitral Valve Disease Morning Sickness Mouth and Tooth Care Multivitamins Neck Pain Neck Strain Night Terrors Nutrition (for athletes) Osteoarthritis of the Hip Patellar Tendinitis Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Peripheral Neuropathy Phymosis and Paraphymosis Pneumoconiosis Poor Circulation Porphyria Prediabetes Premature Ventricular Contractions Probiotics Providing Your Child Good Nutrition Puberty Pulmonary Hypertension and Thromboembolic Disease Pyloric Stenosis Radial Neuropathy Rectal Cancer Rotavirus Infections SARS Sciatica Shin Splints Shoulder Dislocation Sleep Disorder and Heart Disease Slipped Disc Smoke Inhalation Smoking Spinal Cord Trauma Stress Test Used to Predict Heart Attack Risk Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Sun Poisoning Surgical Site (Surgical Wound) Infections Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Diuretic Hormone Tendinitis Tinea Infections Tuberculosis Ulnar Neuropathy Vaginal Dryness Vertigo Vomiting Warfarin Therapy Wrist Fracture

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