Decision-Making in Ophthalmology

Working TOC:

Part 1: Common Signs and Symptoms

Section 1: Symptoms



Vision loss (sudden, gradual, transient, field loss)





Visual distortion





Decreased color vision (dyschromatopsia)





Decreased night vision (nyctalopia)





Double vision (diplopia) (2 types: binocular (horizontal, vertical, intermittent, constant), monocular)





Floaters





Flashes (photopsias)





Glare/Halos





Sensitivity to light (photophobia)





Eye strain (asthenopia)





Eye pain (3 types: ocular (superficial/FBS, deep/ache), orbital/periorbital)





Foreign body sensation





Itchy eye





Red eye





Tearing (epiphora) (adults, children)





Discharge/lid crusting





Lid swelling





Lash loss (madarosis)





Orbital swelling



Section 2: Signs



Progressive/acquired myopia





Progressive/acquired hyperopia





Visual field defect (types: hemianopia (homonymous, bitemporal, binasal), constriction, central, altitudinal, arcuate, enlarged blind spot)





Relative afferent pupillary defect





Anisocoria





Nystagmus





Proptosis





Ptosis (dx, ddx)





Conjunctival membrane/pseudomembrane





Conjunctival inflammation (papillae, follicles, chemosis, injection)





? Symblepharon





Dilated episcleral vessels





Pannus





Superficial punctate keratopathy/epitheliopathy





Cornea verticillate





Corneal edema





Corneal opacity





Corneal neovascularization





Hyphema





Hypopyon





Hypotony





Iris heterochromia





Iris neovascularization





Leukocoria





Dislocated lens (ectopia lentis)





Vitritis





Vitreous hemorrhage





Retinal hemorrhage





Cotton wool spots





Roth spots





Retinal embolus





Macular edema





Macular exudates





Retinal vasculitis/periphlebitis





Bull's eye maculopathy





Retinal neovascularization





Choroidal neovascularization





Choroidal folds





Optic disc edema





Optic atrophy



Part 2: Specific Ocular Disorders

Section 3: Orbit/Lid



Orbital fractures





Retrobulbar hemorrhage





Thyroid eye disease





Idiopathic orbital inflammation/Orbital pseudotumor





Orbital tumors





Orbital cellulitis





Preseptal cellulitis





Hordeolum/Chalazion





Eyelid laceration





Ptosis (rx)





Ectropion





Entropion





Blepharospasm





Bell's palsy





Floppy eyelid syndrome





Trichiasis





Eyelid tumors/lesions (benign, malignant))





Acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction





Canaliculitis





Dacryocystitis





Dacryoadenitis





Lacrimal gland masses



Section 4: Neuro-ophthalmology



Cranial nerve 3 palsy





CN 4 palsy





CN 6 palsy





CN 5 palsy





Multiple cranial nerve palsies





Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia





Other motility disturbances





Myasthenia gravis





Papilledema





Pseudopapilledema





Optic neuropathy (AION/NAION, toxic, traumatic, other)





Optic neuritis





Optic nerve tumors





Visual hallucinations





Migraine





Functional visual loss





Amaurosis fugax





Visual pathway lesions/Chiasm syndromes





Vertebrobasilar insufficiency



Section 5: Pediatrics/Strabismus



Myopia (rx)





Amblyopia





Esotropia





Exotropia





A and V patterns





Dissociated vertical deviation





Duane syndrome





Brown syndrome





Childhood orbital tumors





Congenital ptosis





Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction





Ophthalmia neonatorum





Cloudy cornea





Congenital cataracts





Childhood glaucoma





Anterior uveitis





Posterior uveitis





Retinopathy of prematurity





Coats disease





Color deficiency





Hereditary chorioretinal dystrophies





Hereditary macular dystrophies





Retinitis pigmentosa





Albinism





Leber congenital amaurosis





Phakomatoses





Retinoblastoma





Hereditary optic neuropathies



Section 6: Cornea/External Disease



Blepharitis





Meibomian gland dysfunction





Dry eye disease





Conjunctival foreign body





Conjunctivitis (acute, chronic)





Pterygium





Pigmented conjunctival lesions





Conjunctival squamous carcinoma





Episcleritis





Scleritis





Corneal laceration/open globe





Corneal foreign body





Corneal abrasion





Chemical burn





Contact lens-related disorders





Limbal stem cell deficiency





Recurrent erosion





Anterior basement membrane dystrophy





Stromal dystrophies





Fuchs dystrophy (corneal endothelial dystrophy)





Salzmann nodule





Corneal ulcer (central, peripheral)





HSV keratitis





Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus





Peripheral ulcerative keratitis





Keratoconus





Refractive surgery/Laser vision correction screening





Corneal haze





Keratectasia





Diffuse lamellar keratitis





Flap striae



Section 7: Anterior Segment



Iris nodules





Iris tumors





Plateau iris





Pigment dispersion syndrome





Pseudoexfoliation





Presbyopia (rx)



Section 8: Cataracts & Glaucoma



Advanced technology IOLs (screening, workup)





Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS)





Zonular weakness/dehiscence





Blurry vision after cataract surgery





Posterior capsular opacification





Retained lens fragment





Dislocated IOL





Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS)





Postoperative endophthalmitis





Ocular hypertension





Glaucoma suspect





Acute angle-closure glaucoma





Secondary angle-closure glaucoma





Primary open angle glaucoma (dx/workup)





Normal tension glaucoma





Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma





Pigment disperstion glaucoma





Neovascular glaucoma





Malignant glaucoma





Uveitic glaucoma





Lens-induced glaucoma





Medical glaucoma treatment





Laser glaucoma treatment





Surgical glaucoma treatment





Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS)





Shallow chamber after glaucoma surgery





Blebitis



Section 10: Uveitis



Anterior uveitis





Intermediate uveitis





Pars planitis





Posterior uveitis (infections, white-dot syndromes, inflammatory conditions)





Panuveitis





Uveitis (treatment: local, systemic)





Endophthalmitis



Section 10: Posterior Segment



Penetrating trauma/intraocular foreign body





Choroidal rupture





Posterior vitreous detachment





Retinal tear





Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment





Lattice degeneration





Retinal artery occlusions





Retinal vein occlusions





Hypertensive retinopathy





Diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, PDR, rx)





Epiretinal membrane





Cystoid macular edema (rx)





Central serous chorioretinopathy





Vitreomacular traction





Macular hole





Age-related macular degeneration (dry, wet)





Wet AMD treatment





Macular telangiectasia





Myopic degeneration





Toxic maculopathies





Retinal infections/inflammations (Uveitis section?)





Serous retinal detachment





Choroidal effusion





Choroidal detachment





Choroidal nevus





Choroidal melanoma





Low vision (eval, management)

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• Oftalmologia

Ophthalmology; vision science; eye care; optometry; primary care; ophthalmology algorithms; high-yield ophthalmology; flow chart; decision support